1. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit

3. What is Creativity? The creation of the new and the rearranging of the old in different & new ways. The process of producing something original and valuable.

4. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit What is Creativity? “Any act, idea or product that changes an existing domain, or that transforms an existing domain into a new one”.

5. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit What is Creativity? “The ability to produce work that is both novel and appropriate”. Novel product: a product that is original and not predicted.

6. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Components of Creativity 1- Intellectual Ability 2- Knowledge 3- Thinking Styles 4- Personality 5- Motivation 6- Environment 7- Confluence of Components

7. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 1- Intellectual Abilities The High-level Abilities of: Problem Definition Useful Problem Presentation Problem-Solving Strategy Selection Effective Evaluation of Ideas

8. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 2- Knowledge Importance of Knowledge for Creativity? Helps to Recognize and Understand the Problem Nature Prevents Rediscovery of Old Ideas

9. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 2- Knowledge (Cont.) Helps a Person to: Know where he/she stands. Produce High-Quality Work. Make Use of Chance Occurrences as a Source of Ideas. Concentrate his/her Cognitive Resources on the Processing of New Ideas.

10. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 3- Thinking Styles Preferred Ways of applying one’s Intellectual Abilities and Knowledge to a problem. Two may have equal levels of intelligence, but differ on how they focus their abilities on a task.

11. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 4- Personality 5 Personality Traits for Creativity: Tolerance of Ambiguity: Provides time for difficult problem aspects to be resolved. Perseverance: Facing obstacles for creative products to occur.

12. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 4- Personality (Cont.) Openness to New Experiences: Willingness to try new ideas. Willingness to Take Risks: No pain no gain. Courage and Belief in oneself: Creative ideas need Independence of Judgment and Self-esteem to grow.

13. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 5- Motivation Intrinsic Motivators: Internally generated desires that are satisfied by talk completion. Extrinsic Motivators: Rewards that the environment offers (e.g. money, job advancement, praise).

14. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 6- Environment Physical/Social Conditions: Surrounding environment, freedom over one’s work, sufficient time to think, sufficient resources to develop ideas. Role Models

15. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Stages of Creative Thought Orientation Orientation: Defining the problem Preparation Preparation: Gaining as much information as possible Incubation Incubation: The problem, while not appearing to be actively worked on, is still “cooking” in the background Illumination Illumination: The “a-ha” experience; rapid insight into the solution Verification Verification: Testing and critically evaluating the solution

16. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit A Creative Person Is ……. Someone whose thoughts or actions change a domain or establish a new domain. A domain cannot be changed without the explicit/implicit consent of a field responsible for it.

17. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Creative Personality Smarter people have a slight tendency to be more creative Creative people usually have a greater than average range of knowledge and interests Creative people have openness to experience Creative people value independence and have a preference for complex things

18. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Individual Traits & Creative Ideas 1.Intelligence 2.Independence 3.Self-confidence 4.Risk taking 5.Internal Locus of control 6.Tolerance for ambiguity 7.Perseverance in the face of frustration

19. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Use Both Sides of Your Brain Left Side Language based Logical, serious Rational, linear Detailed approach Center of analysis Sequencing of information Right Side Visual image based Intuitive, playful Insightful, spontaneous Holistic approach Center of imagination Creativity Color and the arts

20. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Study Styles Left Brain Neat, organized area Daily schedules One project at a time Study alone Study consistently Plan studying Right Brain Cluttered desk Flexible study times Jump from one project to another Study with others Study in bursts of energy Cram at the end

21. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Culture Person Experts Elements of Creativity

22. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Three Elements of Creativity A culture that contains symbolic rules. A person who brings novelty into the symbolic domain. A field of experts who recognize and validate the innovation.

23. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit

24. What is a Problem? A problem exists when there is a discrepancy between an initial state and a goal state, and there is no ready-made solution for the problem solver.

25. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit What is Problem-Solving? Primarily a way of thinking, analyzing a situation, or using certain reasoning skills not learnt through the memorization of specific facts; but by immersing one self in the problem-solving process and applying both past experience & knowledge to solve the problem at hand.

26. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Problem-Solving Is A tool, means of thinking and philosophy. IT is the predisposition to learn from every available opportunity to get the optimum that can be gleaned from the experience.

27. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Other Root Cause Analysis Techniques Force Field Analysis – Visually show forces that impact your problem or issue Scatter Diagrams – Graphs the relationship of two variables – quantifies the correlation, showing how one variable influences another Process Mapping – Maps the “as is” flow of activities that make up a process – look for excessive handoffs, redundancies, and other root causes of inefficiencies Benchmarking – Compares existing performance to another internal or external source, identifies issues not otherwise revealed through other techniques 27 of 58

28. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Problem-Solving Is “What you do When you do not Know What to do”

29. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit So the six hats are…? Six colors of hats for six types of thinking Each hat identifies a type of thinking Hats are directions of thinking Hats help a group use parallel thinking You can “put on” and “take off” a hat

30. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Uses for Six Hats Problem solving Strategic planning Running meetings Much more

31. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Six colors and six hats 1.White: neutral, objective objective facts& figures 2.Redemotional, angry, emotions & feelings, 2.Red: emotional, angry, emotions & feelings, 3.Black: serious, somber 3.Black: serious, somber cautious & careful, 4.Yellowsunny, positive hope, positive & speculative, 4.Yellow: sunny, positive hope, positive & speculative, 5.Greengrowth, fertility creativity, ideas & lateral thinking, 5.Green: growth, fertility creativity, ideas & lateral thinking, 6.Bluecool, sky above, control & organization of thinking 6.Blue: cool, sky above, control & organization of thinking

32. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit General hat issues Direction, not description Set out to think in a certain direction “Let’s have some black hat thinking…” Not categories of people Not: “He’s a black hat thinker.” Everyone can and should use all the hats A constructive form of showing off Show off by being a better thinker Not destructive (right vs. wrong) argument Use in whole or in part

33. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Benefits of Six Thinking Hats Provides a common language Experience & intelligence of each person (Diversity of thought) Use more of our brains Helps people work against type, preference Removal of ego (reduce confrontation) Save time Focus (one thing at a time) Create, evaluate & implement action plans

34. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Good Problem-Solvers Have: A concern for accuracy. The ability to break a problem into smaller groups.

35. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Poor Problem-Solvers Have: The inability to recognize & define the problem. A tendency to dismiss a problem if it appears too complex.

36. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Poor Problem-Solvers Have: A tendency to jump to conclusions & guess answers without going through steps. A disbelief that persistent analysis is an effective way to deal with problem- solving.

37. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit

38. A Decision Is A choice made between two or more available alternatives.

39. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Decision-Making is A problem-solving process used to develop a commitment to some course of action(s).

40. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Certainty Uncertainty Risk

41. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 1. Risk The Decision-Maker has enough information to estimate the probability of outcomes.

42. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 2. Complete Uncertainty The Decision-Maker has no idea on results of adopted alternatives.

43. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit 3. Complete Certainty The Decision-Maker has all information needed to make the right decision about the problem in hand.

44. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Decision-Making Tools (Probability Tools) These tools are used in Risk situations in which the Decision- Maker is not completely certain of the outcomes.

45. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Decision Trees A graphic Decision-Making tools typically used to evaluate decisions containing a series of steps.

46. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit

47. Copyright © 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 6–47 Exhibit 6.2 Criteria and Weights for Franchise Decision Criterion Weight Start-up costs 10 Franchisor support 8 Financial qualifications 6 Open geographical locations 4 Franchisor history 3

48. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Assessed Values of Franchise Opportunities Using Decision Criteria Sta rt-Up Franchise Financial Open Franchisor Costs Support Qualifications Locations History Franchise Curves For Women 10 3 10 8 5 Quiznos Sandwiches 8 7 7 8 7 Jani-King 8 5 7 10 10 Jackson-Hewitt Tax Service 8 7 7 8 7 Nutritional Supplements 7 8 7 8 7 Radio Shack 8 3 6 10 8 Chem-Dry Carpet Cleaning 10 7 8 6 7 McDonald’s 4 10 4 8 10

49. Copyright Reserved ©: Dr Ahmad Bassit Evaluation of Franchise Alternatives Against Weighted Criteria Start-Up Franchise Financial Open Franchisor Costs Support Qualifications Locations History Total 10 8 6 4 3 Franchise Curves For Women100 24 60 32 15 231 Quiznos Sandwiches80 56 42 32 21 231 Jani-King80 40 42 40 30 232 Jackson-Hewitt Tax Service80 56 42 32 21 231 GNC Vitamins and Nutritional Supplements 70 64 42 32 21 229 Radio Shack 80 24 36 40 24 204 Chem-Dry Carpet 100 56 48 24 21 249 McDonald’s 40 80 24 32 30 206