1. 1. Interpret a positive HBeAg, Anti- HBcAg, and/or anti-HCV test

3. Positive HBeAg: Appears shortly after HBsAg Indicates high levels of virus replication correlating to more active disease Reflects the presence of circulating intact virions and detectable HBV DNA

4. Positive Anti-HBcAg Appears at the onset of symptoms in acute Hepatitis B and persists for life Indicates previous or ongoing infection Four possible interpretations: – Patient is acutely infected – Patient is chronically infected – Patient is immune due to natural infection – Patient is immune due to Hepatitis B Vaccination

5. Positive Anti-HCV May indicate a past or current infection Patient should be evaluated for chronic infection and liver disease Reference: Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine 17 th edition www.cdc.gov