1. KM Application

3. Tujuan Understand how user and task modeling approaches can help promote effective knowledge use at the individual, group, and organizational level. Describe how an organizational knowledge management architecture is designed. Define organizational learning and describe the links between individual and organizational learning. Compare and contrast learning and understanding with internalization of knowledge. List the different knowledge support technologies that can help users put knowledge into action.

4. Introduction: Typically KM objectives: –Knowledge reuse to promoto efficiency –Innovation to introduce more effective ways

5. Introduction: The objective of this chapter is not to describe the practices for knowledge transfer in detail, but rather to point out that merely coding a component and scratching out a few lines of documentation will rarely be enough to facilitate knowledge transfer. Other researchers found that a key to organizational success in the face of global competition is the ability to capture organizational learning, to effectively reuse the knowledge through efficient means, and to synthesize these into more intelligent problem recognition, strategic analysis, and choices in strategic directions. and the success of knowledge application appears to be a function of the characteristics of the individual, the knowledge content, the purpose of reuse for the particular task at hand, and the organizational context or culture.

6. KNOWLEDGE APPLICATION AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL Characteristics of the individual who is seeking to apply or reuse knowledge are likely to play a role in how effective he or she is at finding, understanding, and making use of organizational knowledge. One way of visualizing personalization is to think of the one-person company or the one-person library. All of the knowledge resources in a given repository can be made to appear as if they were there at the disposal of a given person, reflecting their preferences, their background, and so forth. Figure illustrates this concept of “many-to- one” interactions.

9. Key Point There are a number of ways of ensuring that individuals apply knowledge, such as deriving user and task models in order to better match knowledge content to individual knowledge workers’ preferences and requirements. EPSS, the Bloom taxonomies of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills, and content chunking are all good means of providing learning and task support to knowledge workers who apply knowledge and of optimizing the match between user needs and the content that is to be applied. A KM organizational architecture needs to be designed, developed, and implemented in order to facilitate knowledge application at the organizational level. Knowledge reuse is a good measure of how well valuable content has been preserved and managed in organizational memory management systems. Knowledge Support Systems can assist in organizational knowledge use and reuse, typically through some form of knowledge repository or intranet application.