2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1-29-2009
1/29/2009 This presentation covers the 2009 Referee Program Directives to be implemented at higher levels of soccer within the United States. Each year, US Soccer provides guidance to officials working the professional ranks in the United States. In the past, this guidance has been in the form of “points of emphasis.” In other words, guidance has been given to officials regarding the main areas of concern for the upcoming season. Beginning in 2009, US Soccer will be providing “Directives” to officials, leagues and teams that encompass significant areas of the game that require more referee attention. Hence, this presentation will cover these areas. It is anticipated that increased refereeing emphasis will result in a more entertaining and enjoyable game for players and spectators alike. The objective is for this presentation and the associated Position Papers to provide sufficient training in the form of defined criteria and video evidence, so that referees can apply a unified and consistent approach to the management of the directives. In other words, less gray area means increased consistency in the application of the directives. ========================= NOTES: Instructor to adjust depending upon the level, age, experience of the participants as well as the time allotted To play a video example, the instructor must click on the US Soccer logo, not the radio button. Once the clip is playing, the instructor should “maximize” the clip to take full screen. Instructors are not permitted to modify or change the presentations. Any questions regarding the content of this presentation or its use should be directed to: Paul Tamberino Director of Referee Development 2009 REGIONAL TRAINING SEMINAR

OBJECTIVES Conduct a fitness test for the referees who qualify to work games assigned by the Federation (USL Div 1, USL Div 2, PDL, etc.) Present the USSOCCER 2009 DIRECTIVES (formerly POE) to these referees so they can keep them in mind when officiating. Share the information with instructors and assessors. To help have all on the same page in terms of "Teach It, Assess It". . Instructors and assessors encouraged to attend the clinic

2009 DIRECTIVES Game Management Model:
Flow, Risk Taking & Game Control Managing the Technical Area 100% Misconduct: Tactical and Red Card Tackles Dissent Assistant Referee Involvement The Assessment Program Injury Management Allowance for Lost Time

1/29/2009 This presentation covers the 2009 Referee Program Directives to be implemented at higher levels of soccer within the United States. Each year, US Soccer provides guidance to officials working the professional ranks in the United States. In the past, this guidance has been in the form of “points of emphasis.” In other words, guidance has been given to officials regarding the main areas of concern for the upcoming season. Beginning in 2009, US Soccer will be providing “Directives” to officials, leagues and teams that encompass significant areas of the game that require more referee attention. Hence, this presentation will cover these areas. It is anticipated that increased refereeing emphasis will result in a more entertaining and enjoyable game for players and spectators alike. The objective is for this presentation and the associated Position Papers to provide sufficient training in the form of defined criteria and video evidence, so that referees can apply a unified and consistent approach to the management of the directives. In other words, less gray area means increased consistency in the application of the directives. ========================= NOTES: Instructor to adjust depending upon the level, age, experience of the participants as well as the time allotted To play a video example, the instructor must click on the US Soccer logo, not the radio button. Once the clip is playing, the instructor should “maximize” the clip to take full screen. Instructors are not permitted to modify or change the presentations. Any questions regarding the content of this presentation or its use should be directed to: Paul Tamberino Director of Referee Development 2009 Referee Program Directives

2009 Referee Program Directives
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 2009 Referee Program Directives 3 Categories 11 Directives Game Management Updates / Clarifications There are three categories of emphasis: Game Management Guidelines Technical For each category, there are associated “Directives” that provide guidance to officials. Technical

2009 Referee Program Directives
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 2009 Referee Program Directives Game Management Updates/Clarifications Technical Game Management Model Flow, Risk Taking, & Game Control Contact Above The Shoulder Injury Management Game Disrepute Mass Confrontation Free Kick / Restart Management Allowance For Lost Time 100% Misconduct Tactical & Red Card Tackles Dissent Managing The Technical Area Click on the topic you wish to present. Assistant Referee Involvement Handling The Ball

Game Management Model: Flow, Risk Taking and Game Control

1/29/2009 Game Management Model Objective: More game flow and less stoppages Play through: trifling, minor, soft challenges Michel Platini, UEFA President tells BBC Sport: "Football is based on speed, pace, and rhythm. And if you interrupt the flow of the game, you kill the game's spirit." The Objective of the Game Management Model: More game flow and less stoppages Play through: trifling, minor, soft challenges For example: taking risks and applying more advantage in the defensive third of the field. This is not an easy concept for referees, players or teams as the soccer mentality has become accustomed to frequent stoppages for minor challenges. As a result, it takes PRACTICE to refine the approach and to get comfortable with the Model.

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow The diagram represents the model that should be used to guide officials in their approach to managing the game. There are several critical components that make the equation work. < Have the students brainstorm what they think the Model means before it is further defined for them > < The instructor should adjust the content and discussion of the Model depending upon the level, age, experience of the participants. >

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow If implemented correctly, the results can be positive: MLS 2008: less fouls per game Results in - Approx 2 minutes more time ball in play Results in - More time for players to exhibit skills Results in - Increased entertainment value By putting more flow or rhythm into the game, this illustrates the potential results for players and spectators.

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT What is the CORE? SAFETY Safety of the players over Flow and Risk Taking ENTERTAINMENT Game flow/less stoppage increases enjoyment Think “entertainment value” Advantage to goal The Core: Safety, Entertainment, and 100% Misconduct At the core of the referee’s management of the game are safety, entertainment value for spectators/players and 100% misconduct. Referees must find the right mix of flow, risk taking, and game control so that these 3 core factors are not negatively impacted. Safety: Referees must find the right mix of game control, flow and risk taking without endangering the safety of the players. Should the safety of the players be jeopardized, the referee must reconsider his approach to game management. Entertainment: By providing flow and fewer stoppages in the match, the ball is in play longer, which increases the entertainment value of the game. 100% Misconduct: Referees are presented with situations in the game that require a red or yellow card be issued. The referee cannot ignore these situations and, for the good of the game, must administer the appropriate misconduct (yellow or red card) to the player(s) in question. 100% misconduct situations are those in which the Laws of the Game mandate that a yellow or red card be issued. These are situations that are clear-cut, there is no gray area. When confronted with a 100% misconduct situation, referees are obliged to deal with the misconduct cannot use the “big picture” to determine whether a card should be given or not. 100% MISCONDUCT Misconduct is misconduct NO gray areas: discipline is clearly needed Mandated by the Laws of the Game

1/29/2009 Game Management Model What is the TRIANGLE? SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT RISK TAKING Identify the types of small/minor challenges that the players will accept. RISK TAKING Appropriate risks are ones that make sense given: The location on the field The type of challenge committed The opportunity for a successful result from the application of flow The eventual impact on game control given the “big picture” of the match The Triangle: Flow, Risk Taking and Game Control Each point of the triangle represents an important ingredient for game management. The 3 points must work in harmony to ensure that the core is protected. In other words, risk taking and flow go hand-in-hand with game control. The more game control that is needed, the less risk taking the referee engages in. Hence, referees need to find the right balance between taking risks and allowing flow and game control. Risk Taking: Refers to the referee’s ability to identify the types of small/minor challenges that the players will accept. In other words, the ability of a referee to manage the game in a manner that maximizes the time the ball is in play by eliminating unnecessary stoppages. Referees must choose the right opportunities to take risks by not calling the borderline/minor challenges (trifling) that do not affect game control. Appropriate risks are ones that make sense given the location on the field, the type of challenge committed, the opportunity for a successful result from the application of flow, and the eventual impact on game control given the “big picture” of the match.

1/29/2009 Game Management Model What is the TRIANGLE? SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT FLOW The ability of a referee to manage the game so that the ball is in play by eliminating unnecessary stoppages flow RISK TAKING Correctly differentiating the trifling challenges from the careless/reckless fouls, officials can ensure more rhythm to the game. Flow: The ability of a referee to manage the game so that the ball is in play by eliminating unnecessary stoppages. By reducing the number of fouls called by correctly differentiating the trifling challenges from the careless/reckless fouls, officials can ensure more rhythm to the game. The Laws of the Game used to contain verbiage regarding “playing the game with as little interference as possible……” This concept is being revisited as part of the Game Management Model. Remember this? The game is meant to be played with as little interference as possible. Constant whistling for trifling or doubtful offenses brings the game into disrepute and spoils the pleasure of the spectators.

1/29/2009 Game Management Model What is the TRIANGLE? GAME CONTROL SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT GAME CONTROL The ability of the referee to find the right mix of risk taking and flow flow RISK TAKING How you set the tone for what is acceptable in the game and what is not acceptable Presence and how the referee projects his personality on the game More game control is needed when the players’ actions indicate they do not want to play within the spirit of the Laws of the Game Game Control: Represents the ability of the referee to find the right mix of risk taking and flow. Game control is directly related to the referee’s management of the game and how he sets the tone for what is acceptable in the game and what is not acceptable. Presence and how the referee projects his personality on the game is a significant factor in game control. More game control is needed when the players’ actions indicate they do not want to play within the spirit of the Laws of the Game. High level of game control = more risk taking and flow Low level of game control = less risk taking and flow High level of game control = more risk taking and flow Low level of game control = less risk taking and flow

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow What is the BIG PICTURE? Atmosphere and mood of the match Referees should consider asking: The Circle: “Big Picture” The “big picture” relates to the atmosphere and mood of the match as it is played out and the referee’s “feel” for what the game needs at a given moment. If an act by a player could be interpreted as either a foul or a possible cautionable foul or if the act could be interpreted as either a yellow or red card (the act falls within a gray area), the referee needs to consider the “big picture” surrounding the match. In the few instances when similar borderline cases arise, referees should consider asking themselves: Does the player need the card? Consideration is given to the player’s prior behavior (the overall conduct of the player to that point) in the game and the intent of the player’s act. Does the game need the card? Consideration is given how the match is being played. The referee should quickly analyze where the game has been and where it is heading based upon player conduct. The “big picture” provides the referee with a framework for decisions but it must not be an excuse for a referee’s failing to deal with 100% misconduct situations or a referee’s inability to ensure the safety of the players. Does player need the card? Does the game need the card?

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow BIG PICTURE 100% Misconduct Cautionable Foul or Hard Foul ? Yellow Card ? or Red Card? Referees need to realize that there are no gray areas when it comes to incidence of 100% misconduct. The directives and video examples in this and other US Soccer training materials are aimed at shrinking and eliminating the gray areas. The BIG PICTURE is applicable to situations where there is some discretion that can be exercised by the referee in determining his action. For example: Is the foul just called a hard foul with a stern warning or is it a cautionable foul? The foul borders a yellow card or red card (the “orange card”) The referee does not have a gut feeling either way relating to the 2 aforementioned examples. In this rare instance, the referee should consider the BIG PICTURE: The atmosphere of the match to that point The behavior and conduct of the player to that point The referee should ask himself: Does the player need the card? or Does the game need the card? In the overwhelming number of issues, the severity of the foul dictates the form of misconduct (Yellow/Red). STRESS: The referee cannot use the BIG PICTURE as an excuse or reason for not giving the appropriate misconduct in situations of 100% Misconduct There are NO gray areas

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow Considerations for Implementation Recall previous action Player’s skill Probability of Success vs. Risk “Wait and See” Warning Signs Considerations for Implementation The referee must recall the previous action / incidents: the “big picture” Know the player’s skill Quickly calculate the probability of success of the risk on each play Use the “wait and see” principle Consider the “Warning Signs” “Feel” (“fingerspitzengefuhl”) the attacker has the opportunity to “play through” the contact In cases where the referee is applying the advantage clause, the advantage signal should be used to demonstrate that the game is being allowed to flow. Use of the advantage signal sends a visual message to the players/spectators that the referee saw the infraction, thereby mitigating potential negative feedback “Feel” Advantage signal visual/verbal message

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1-29-2009 Player has been target
1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow Trifling / Minor Soft Challenges Player safety Not careless, reckless or excessive force Attacking player stops playing Player has been target Trifling / Minor / Soft Challenges: What are They? Player’s Safety Not Jeopardized Not careless, reckless, or using excessive force Attacking player stops playing Feel: Player has not been the target for a “pattern of fouls” which has caused him to anticipate or be fearful of a possible next foul “Feel”

Proper Use of Discretion Leads To Game Flow
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Management Model Proper Use of Discretion Leads To Game Flow All fouls are challenges, but All challenges are not fouls Advantage is flow, but Flow is more than advantage Foul discrimination leads to flow Use your discretion The key is understanding the differences between: Challenges Fouls Advantage Flow And how they interact and how the referee must possess the ability to use DISCRETION to differentiate between these to ensure that the product is safe and enjoyable.

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow Trifling /Minor Soft Challenges Examples for Flow Upper body challenges Tugs and holds (non tactical) Trifling / Minor / Soft Challenges: What are They? Candidates for flow: Upper body challenges not using arms (nonviolent) Tugs and holds (simple and non tactical) Incidental-type contact Incidental contact

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1-29-2009 LESS FLOW
1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow WARNING SIGNS? Key indicators that the referee needs: LESS RISK TAKING LESS FLOW Warning Signs --- HAVE THE STUDENTS BRAINSTORM the warning signs. What are the WARNING SIGNS that a referee needs: Less Flow / Risk Taking and More Game Control The following list are some of the “warning signs” or “flash points” in a game that should resonate with officials and provide direction regarding overall game/situation management: Foul near the team benches Wet field – comfort level of players to make tackles increases Tackles extend from 3 yards to 7 yards Sequence / succession / repetition of challenges in a short time span (cluster fouls) More body contact Mismatched body contact (feet versus chest, head versus knee) Change from containment defense to high pressure and chase Challenges (including 50-50) and apparent challenges on the goalkeeper Near the touchline and no way out for the ball or the player Retaliation foul after play restarts Player into goal to retrieve ball after a score The winning team protecting the ball at the corner flag to use time Excessive fouls on the skillful player (play maker and scorer) Escalation in the “severity of fouls” committed Frustration level of players increasing, player acceptance of decisions decreasing Dissent increasing Player feedback from both teams indicating “we don’t want flow” Score and time MORE GAME CONTROL

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow WARNING SIGNS? Foul near the team benches Wet field – comfort level to make tackles increases Tackles extend from 3 yards to 7 yards Sequence / succession / repetition of challenges in a short time span (cluster fouls) WARNING SIGNS (continued) Foul near the team benches Wet field – comfort level to make tackles increases Tackles extend from 3 yards to 7 yards Sequence / succession / repetition of challenges in a short time span (cluster fouls)

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow WARNING SIGNS? More body contact Mismatched body contact (feet versus chest, head versus knee) Change from containment defense to high pressure and chase Challenges (including 50-50) and apparent challenges on the goalkeeper Near the touchline and no way out for the ball or the player WARNING SIGNS (continued) More body contact Mismatched body contact (feet versus chest, head versus knee) Change from containment defense to high pressure and chase Challenges (including 50-50) and apparent challenges on the goalkeeper Near the touchline and no way out for the ball or the player

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow WARNING SIGNS? Retaliation foul after play restarts Player into goal to retrieve ball after a score The winning team protecting the ball at the corner flag to use time Excessive fouls on the skillful player (play maker and scorer) WARNING SIGNS (continued) Retaliation foul after play restarts Player into goal to retrieve ball after a score The winning team protecting the ball at the corner flag to use time Excessive fouls on the skillful player (play maker and scorer)

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow WARNING SIGNS? Escalation in the “severity of fouls” Frustration level of players increasing Dissent increasing Player feedback from both teams indicating “we don’t want flow” Score and time WARNING SIGNS (continued) Escalation in the “severity of fouls” Frustration level of players increasing Dissent increasing Player feedback from both teams indicating “we don’t want flow” Player with ball stops playing Increased dissent Score and time

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow Advantage “4 P Principle” Possession of Ball Potential for attack Personnel Proximity to goal Advantage: The “4 P Principle” When considering the application of advantage, the following principle is provided as a guideline for officials. Remember, advantage application may differ depending upon the skill level, age level, and intesity of the game. The “4 P Principle” of Advantage Application: Possession of ball: control by team or player. Potential for attack: ability to continue a credible and dangerous attack. Personnel: skill of attackers, numerical advantage. Proximity to opponent’s goal: closeness to goal.

1/29/2009 Game Management Model SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL RISK TAKING flow Video Examples Game Mgt Model 1 Game Mgt Model 5 Game Mgt Model 2 Game Mgt Model 6 Game Mgt Model 3 Game Mgt Model 7 Video Examples Game Mgt Model 1 Decision: Correct decision by the referee to allow play to flow despite high risk by giving an advantage in the defensive third resulting in a goal Reasoning: The referee uses the “wait and see” principle to scan the field to see the opportunities available to the goalkeeper despite the ball in the defensive third Note the minor nature of the foul on the defender. The goalkeeper gets the ball and there are no injuries or confrontation Key is to recognize the space the midfield has to advance the ball The referee should also take into consideration the players’ (goalkeeper and the other defenders) reactions The incident occurs in the 85th minute; by that time the referee has a good feel for the atmosphere of the game (the “big picture”) Giving advantage in the defensive third is acceptable if: It is clear and effective: the attacking team will clearly retain possession and have an effective chance to advance the ball The atmosphere of the game permits it Game Mgt Model 2 Decision: Correct decision by the referee to allow play to continue and to restart with the throw-in The challenge is minor / soft / trifling in nature Based upon the skill level of the players, the attacker should be able to play through this hold Despite being held, the attacker has options to play the ball. Look at the unmarked teammate just a few yards behind him Even the player who makes the pass that goes out-of-play makes a poor pass and should, at this level, be able to make this pass The attacker for whom the pass is intended, stops playing looking for the foul Game Mgt Model 3 Decision: Correct decision by the referee to take appropriate risks by allowing play to flow on four occasions First, yellow attacker is challenged but the nature of the challenge (shirt holding) and the skill level of the attacker makes this a low risk opportunity for flow by the referee. The referee can use the “wait and see” principle to observe the actions of the attacker and the defenders. If the advantage or risk to give the game flow does not materialize, the referee can wait a few seconds and then come back and award the foul Second, as the first attacker breaks away the runner, who receives the through pass, is on the receiving end of an upper body challenge. This challenge is a normal part of the game and should be considered minor and, thus, should not be a candidate for a foul Third, after the cross and shot by the yellow team, the defender is fouled at the top of the penalty area. This is a difficult decision for the referee due to the following factors: (a) It occurs in the defensive third of the field (giving advantage in the defensive third is acceptable but the referee must quickly calculate the risk). This is particularly important when the style of play is counter attack because the attacking team has pushed numbers up and the defending team when they when the ball can exploit the fact that the attackers are all in their attacking third (b) The defending player with the ball is facing his goal (his does not have a view of the attacking half of the field). Despite this contact being in the defensive third, the referee can apply the “wait and see” principle. The referee can exhibit patience to observe what the defender can do with the ball – in this case a teammate moves to open space and he is able to lay the ball back to his teammate who can play the ball unchallenged and initiate a counter attack Fourth, as the counter attack develops, the attacker is on the receiving end of a shirt/arm pull and a tackle. The attacker’s team retains possession of the ball and the referee correctly allows play to continue leading to an attack down the right flank Game Mgt Model 4 Decision: Correct decision by the referee to allow play to flow despite high risk The first challenge occurs as the attacker loses the ball at the top of the penalty area. He slides in and makes contact with the defender, causing him to go down The second contact as the ball travels away from the penalty area is minor / soft / trifling given the skill level of the players involved. Players at this level should be expected to play through this type of contact In both instances, the referee needs to see the open, unchallenged space facing the attacking team The referee must be positioned such that he can see up field to see the attacking options – the attacking runner who can be on the receiving end of a long counter attack pass Game Mgt Model 5 Decision: Correct decision by the referee to allow play to flow as there is no foul – just a hard challenge on a 50/50 ball The tackler goes in hard but only makes contact with the ball Note how the tackle is made: Single footed tackle Foot on the ground Tackling leg bent at the knee (not straight leg) Tackling foot not coming directly at the attacker. Tackle is from the side Note the reaction of the players – signifies the fairness of the challenge. The player dispossessed from the ball just gets up and chases to pressure the ball In a game where the atmosphere of the match is heated, the referee may decide that this type of challenge is not acceptable Game Mgt Model 6 Decision: Red card for serious foul play This is a 100% red card tackle This tackle is not a candidate for the “big picture” in which the referee has discretion relative to utilizing judgment or feel in deciding the punishment For a tackle of this nature, the time of the match (87:58) should not be a consideration in determining the misconduct For a tackle of this nature, the score of the match (4-1 in favor of the team who is on the receiving end of tackle) should not be a consideration in determining the misconduct The safety of the player is endangered given the nature of the challenge The manner in which the tackle is committed should signify the seriousness of the challenge Referees should consider the following criteria that has been established to aid in determining whether the challenge/tackle should be sanctioned with a red card: (a) Speed of play and the tackle The speed at which the attacker and the tackler are running at the time and the force of the tackle. The faster the tackler is moving, the greater the force. (b) Intent Is the tackler’s intent to take the player out and “send a message?” (c) Aggressive nature of the tackle Lunging, distance from ball/opponent when the tackle was initiated, cleats exposed. (d) Position of the tackler In particular, the legs of the attacker and the direction from which the tackle was initiated – from behind, straight on. (e) Opportunity to play the ball Given the factors above, does the tackler have a chance to play the ball? Where is the position of the ball relative to the timing of the tackle? (f) Atmosphere of the game Consider the overall spirit in which the match has been played. Look at the “big picture” and determine how your decision will impact the way the remaining game time is played. Game Mgt Model 7 Decision: Play should be allowed to continue through the application of advantage Despite the foul off the ball on the runner, the ball clearly goes to an attacker who has unchallenged time to continue the attack The referee must recognize the opportunities available to the attacker with the ball. There are multiple choices facing the player with the ball – especially down both the right and left flanks The referee should exercise patience to see how play develops. Waiting the 2-3 seconds to see if the advantage materializes does not preclude the referee from coming back and whistling the infraction Game Mgt Model 4

1/29/2009 2009 Referee Program Directives Back To Home

Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation bring negative connotations to the game and spoil the game for spectators. Referees need to be more diligent in addressing situations involving these two factors. This presentation will help referees recognize, prevent and manage both game disrepute and mass confrontation. Focus will be on: Characteristics and actions by officials Roles and responsibilities of the referee team US Soccer has also developed Directives evolving around these two items and these Directives cover: 2009 Directives Punish Uniformly Instigator/aggressor Third man in/escalator Use of hands/arms: violent conduct This is an overview of the presentation: 1. Definitions: Game disrepute Mass confrontation 2. Causes and Identification Warning signs or flashpoints 3. Referee management “Triangle of Control” 4. Roles and Responsibilities of Officials

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Game Disrepute Mass Confrontation Disrespectful to the game, opponent, officials Verbal or Physical More than 2 involved Disrespectful to the game, opponent, officials Verbal or Physical This is a high level visual overview. The following slides will further define the difference between Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Game Disrepute: Minimum of 1 player Multiple players from both teams Dead ball situation Detract from enjoyment of the game Aggressive behavior Toward an opponent Attempt to provoke Disrespectful manner Game Disrepute: The Definition(s) Involves at least one player and sometimes two or more from each team adopting an aggressive attitude towards each other or the match officials. The actions of the players bring the game into disrepute. Usually the ball is dead (out of play). Players feel at liberty to have a “go” at each other because they don’t have to chase a live ball. These are volatile situations. Because the ball is dead, a specific foul cannot be called but that should not prevent the referee from taking appropriate action Aggressive behavior toward an opponent or behavior that attempts to provoke an opponent or the benches. For example: Trying to get a negative reaction from the opponent (like taunting an opponent). Treating the game, the referee, or the opponents in a disrespectful manner; often the player is attempting to show he is above the game. Actions that detract from the enjoyment of the game. Something where the general fan says, “That is not what I want to watch.”

1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Mass Confrontation: 3 or more players Toward official(s) Aggressive behavior Surrounding, hindering, forcing movement Try to intimidate Toward opponents by more than one player from a single team Physical/verbal confrontation Aggressive behavior toward each other Physical contact often happens Mass Confrontation: The Definition(s) The concerted actions of three or more players (may be from either team): 1. Toward the referee by multiple players of the same team Disputing a decision by surrounding the referee or hindering or forcing movement by the referee. Involves aggressiveness toward the referee, AR, or fourth official. Players are trying to intimidate one or more of the officials to influence a current outcome/decision or a future outcome/decision. 2. Toward opponents by multiple opposing players Coming together to engage in a physical and/or verbal confrontation. Involves a swarm of opposing players exhibiting aggressive behavior toward each other. Physical contact is often a by-product of the acts. Intimidation and a source of strength are trademarks. Game Disrepute can quickly escalate and become Mass Confrontation. Game disrepute can quickly escalate into mass confrontation

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Characteristics of and Response by the Referee to Mass Confrontation Caused by a trigger issue Issue/foul that is sensitive to players Recognize the trigger issue Pregame Response Characteristics and actions required by officials to prevent escalation of Mass Confrontation: Caused by a trigger issue Follows an issue or foul that is sensitive to players like a hard foul in front of the bench or a foul where the safety of a player is endangered. Consider the foul to a goalkeeper or key player. The player who runs into the goal to retrieve the ball after they have scored a goal can also ignite a confrontation. Recognize the trigger issue Officials must immediately recognize the flash point or trigger issue. Failure to recognize or a slow response by the referee will result in further escalation. Before the game, discuss trigger issues with the referee team based upon the characteristics of the teams/players involved and store that information in your databank. For example, teams have certain players who are more protected by their colleagues than others. These players can often be the trigger points for mass confrontation between opponents. Identify them before the first whistle. Get there to diffuse Once mass confrontation among opponents arises, a member of the referee team must get there immediately to prevent escalation. For each step you are late, it allows one more player to participate. Get there to diffuse Fast response

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation 1/29/2009 Characteristics of and Response by the Referee to Mass Confrontation Separate and disperse Separate immediate players (if possible) 3 or more players Step back and observe Crew takes vantage points to observe Triangle Of Control When settles, channel opposing players to safe zones Characteristics and actions required by officials to prevent escalation: (continued) Separate and disperse: if this does not work, then other officials become involved and form the Triangle of Control. The first official on the scene should work to carefully separate the immediate players. Once three or more players enter the scene, the referee should step back and observe the situation. Once the situation cannot be managed/controlled by the first official on the scene, then the other officials should consider immediate and swift Triangle Of Control Once three or more players enter the scene, the referee should step back and observe the situation. The two assistant referees should also take a vantage point to observe the actions of the players while the fourth official maintains his position and monitors the bench area unless he can get to the scene sooner than the bench side AR. If this is the case, the bench side AR assumes the duties of the fourth official. This procedure forms a triangle (the “triangle of control” as diagramed to the right) around the confrontation and maximizes the sight angles from which to monitor the situation and gather information. As the situation settles, officials should attempt to channel opposing players into safe zones away from the hot spot in a positive, non-threatening manner. When should AR get involved

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Characteristics and actions by officials: Observe and prevent others from joining in Focus on different areas Look for positive ways to prevent others from adding “fuel to the fire” Disperse appropriate misconduct Get input from other officials Take immediate action if needed otherwise confer with the other officials Disperse appropriate punishment Violent conduct should be the first line of focus Characteristics and actions required by officials to prevent escalation: (continued) Observe and prevent others from joining in All four officials should not focus on the same hot spot or become too involved in gaining control of the situation. As stated above, form a triangle around the situation, observe, and make notes (mental and otherwise). Look for positive ways to prevent other players from joining in as these players often add “fuel to the fire.” Dispense appropriate misconduct Once the situation is under control and players have been channeled to safe zones, the referee team must quickly dispense the appropriate punishment. The referee should ensure he has solicited the input of the other officials prior to taking action unless immediate action is required to control the situation

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Warning Signs (Some Examples) Severity of foul Zone of contact Ball is often out of play or not playable Distance player runs to become engaged Score Time Contact above norm Player standing over another Comments between players Delaying a restart Body stance/aggressive display Collision with the goalkeeper Challenge off the ball Frustration levels Temperament of the game Warning Signs or Flashpoints Game disrepute and mass confrontation can happen at any time in the match. There is normally a trigger situation. For this reason, the referee must not let his guard down and get complacent. The following are examples of actions or warning signs that should resonate with the referee that game disrepute/mass confrontation may occur: Severity of the initial foul Zone of contact / location on the field: Near signboards / walls Near benches Ball is often out of play or not playable Near the boundary lines The distance a player runs to become engaged in the situation Score Time Physical contact that is a step above normal play Player standing over another player (intimidating stance) Players putting hand or finger near opponent’s face Players running into the goal to get the ball after a score The comments between players Delaying a restart Standing over or directly in front of a ball when a restart is contemplated Carrying / throwing the ball away Kicking the ball way Body stance and aggression displayed Invasion of body space Chest-to-chest Push or shove Touching the face of the opponent Collision with the goalkeeper Players continuing their run toward the goalkeeper Challenge off the ball Frustration levels / Temperament of the game What the players are saying to each other Body language

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation How It Should Be Handled Recognize flashpoints/warning signs Become “third man in” Act quickly Defuse before it escalates Attempt to separate Body language and voice Quick justice Once becomes mass confrontation Step Back Form Triangle Identify/observe players Take notes Isolate players Referee team review if needed Issue formal sanctions Get game restarted The following provides examples of how officials should handle/address/prevent game disrepute and mass confrontation: How It Should Be Handled Recognize the flashpoint or warning signs (Awareness) Anticipate and expect the unexpected Become the “third man in” Get there early: the closest official Act quickly Defuse it before it starts or escalates (especially to prevent game disrepute from escalating to mass confrontation) Do not be the one that raises the temperature of the situation as a result of your actions/approach Attempt to separate players (when only 2 involved) or channel them to neutral areas Body language and voice An authoritative approach should be used without “adding fuel to the fire” Consider getting the card out quickly to discourage others from joining in Once game disrepute becomes mass confrontation (3 or more players): Step back Form “triangle of control” Identify / Observe players Negative players / instigators / escalators / third man in Positive players / peace makers: use them to facilitate control Take notes Isolate players: once issue settles, step in Channel players to neutral areas Administer any obvious red cards Referee team meet, if required Issue formal sanctions (misconduct) to any other player(s) Get the game restarted as soon as possible

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Entire Team Pregame Discuss “Triangle Of Control” Closest official becomes “third man in” Identify participants Pay attention to contact to the face area Post-game paperwork Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team We will not explore the roles and responsibilities for each member of the officiating team as it relates to game disrepute/mass confrontation. Note: roles vary based on the position of the situation on the field and the relative position of the officials to the incident. Entire Team Pre-Game Establish the “game plan” Review the logistics as well as roles and responsibilities in the pre-game All team members are empowered to ask questions in order to clarify Discuss use of the “triangle of control” Closest official becomes “third man in” Get there as quickly as possible to defuse and prevent escalation Identify the: The instigator The retaliator Third man in The escalator The player who comes from distance to be involved (may be the “escalator” or “third man in”) Pay special attention to contact in the face area Post-Game paperwork Ensure complete and accurate descriptions and reasons are provided in game report – be specific The roles vary based on the position of the situation on the field and the relative position of the officials to the incident

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Referee Indentify flashpoints Attempt to intervene unless mass confrontation Consult with crew (if needed) Administer misconduct Restart game as soon as possible Heightened awareness in order to be cognizant of retaliation Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Referee Identify the flashpoints If 2 players are involved attempt to intervene until it becomes 3 or more players, then step back and form “triangle of control” Defuse and minimize Consult with crew regarding misconduct Make sure everyone is aware of the information you require from them Ensure the following individuals are clearly identified: Instigator Retaliator Escalator Third man in Anyone who has come from a distance to get involved Administer misconduct Restart game as soon as possible Heighten awareness in order to be cognizant of retaliation

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Closest AR Enter field if: You can prevent the situation escalating Game disrepute turns into game misconduct (If 4th official is closer, he enters, AR assumes role of 4th and monitors technical areas) Observe if further misconduct occurs Provide information to referee Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Closest AR Enter field if: - You can prevent the situation from escalating (third man in or can prevent others from participating) - Game disrepute turns in to game misconduct (more than 2 players involved) Note: if the fourth official is closer to the incident and he can arrive sooner, then assume the role of the fourth official and monitor the technical areas Step back and observe if further game misconduct occurs Take mental or written notes Provide information to the referee

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Furthest AR Enter field if: Game disrepute turns into game misconduct Quickly form the third point in the “Triangle of Control” Take a very wide view Observe Provide information to referee Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Furthest AR Enter field if: - Game disrepute turns into mass confrontation (more than 2 players involved) Quickly form the third point in the “triangle of patrol” - Take a very wide view to capture any fringe misconduct Observe Take mental or written notes Provide information to the referee

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Fourth Official Remain in the bench area Ensure no one from technical areas enter the field If closer than AR1 Enter the field and assume same steps as “Closest AR1” (AR1 assumes fourth official responsibilities) Roles and Responsibilities of the Referee Team Fourth Official Remain at the bench area - Ensure no one from the technical areas enter the field of play If the 4th official is closer to the incident than AR1, then the 4th official enters the field - Follow the same steps noted for the “Closest AR.” AR1 will assume the fourth official responsibilities

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation “Triangle of Control” Utilize in all instances of Game Misconduct

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Dealing with Misconduct: Taking Official Action Based upon the severity of the players’ actions, the referee should make a determination as to whether the misconduct warrants a yellow or red card. Game Disrepute Third Man In Mass Confrontation Use of Hands/Arms: Violent Conduct Dealing With Misconduct: Taking Official Action Referees are encouraged to consider the following as situations involving misconduct on the part of the participants. Based upon the severity of the players’ actions, the referee should make a determination as to whether the misconduct warrants a yellow or red card. The following slides will provide directives relative to TAKING OFFICIAL ACTION as it relates to the following 4 situations involving Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation: Game Disrepute Third Man In Mass Confrontation Use of Hands/Arms

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Dealing with Misconduct: Taking Official Action Game Disrepute Only 2 players, referee has flexibility and discretion Instigator/Aggressor Aggressive nature of confrontation Referee encouraged to consider caution both participants Dealing With Misconduct: Taking Official Action Referees are encouraged to consider the following as situations involving misconduct on the part of the participants. Based upon the severity of the players’ actions, the referee should make a determination as to whether the misconduct warrants a yellow or red card. Game Disrepute If the situation involves only 2 players, the referee has flexibility and discretion to manage Particular focus should be given to the Instigator / Aggressor -- the player who aggressively initiated the game disrepute. Referees are encouraged to deal more firmly with this player The aggressive nature of the confrontation should be considered when determining the sanction The referee is encouraged to consider cautions to both participants if both players act in an aggressive and intimidating manner KEY: The referee should ensure both players are punished uniformly KEY: The referee should ensure both players are punished uniformly

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Dealing with Misconduct: Taking Official Action Third Man In If causes escalation to mass confrontation Player must be cautioned Sent-Off for violent conduct If actions warrant Dealing With Misconduct: Taking Official Action Referees are encouraged to consider the following as situations involving misconduct on the part of the participants. Based upon the severity of the players’ actions, the referee should make a determination as to whether the misconduct warrants a yellow or red card. Third Man In If a third man joins the game disrepute and causes it to escalate to mass confrontation, this player must be cautioned for unsporting behavior. The third man in may be sent-off for violent conduct if his actions so warrant

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Dealing with Misconduct: Taking Official Action Mass Confrontation Game disrepute becomes mass confrontation Monitor for third man in Appropriate action Should situation warrant, referee should look for a 1 and 1 situation for caution (minimally 1 player from each team) Dealing With Misconduct: Taking Official Action Mass Confrontation Once game disrepute becomes game misconduct, referees should monitor for the third man in and take appropriate action as noted in the previous slide. Should the situation warrant it, the referee should look for a 1 and 1 situation for cautions (minimally 1 player from each team must be cautioned in cases of mass confrontation) KEY: The referee should ensure offenders are punished uniformly KEY: The referee should ensure offenders are punished uniformly

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Dealing with Misconduct: Taking Official Action Use of Hands/Arms: Violent Conduct Hands out Used to defend vs. Used to intimidate Aggressively inflame situation Referees must take appropriate action Dealing With Misconduct: Taking Official Action Use of Hands / Arms: Violent Conduct When evaluating player behavior / actions during times of game disrepute and mass confrontation, referees should pay particular attention to the following: Hands out: are hands used to defend or are they used to intimidate and aggressively inflame the situation? Location of contact with the hands/arms/elbows: (a) Above the shoulder to the front of the face is a red card for violent conduct (b) From the side to the back of the head (from the ears back) is minimally a yellow card but may be a red card depending upon the aggressive or violent nature and intent of the contact In all cases, referees must follow U.S. Soccer guidelines relative to “Contact Above the Shoulders.” Provided in this presentation. Refer to 2009 Directive on “Contact Above the Shoulders”

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Dealing with Misconduct: Taking Official Action Use of Hands/Arms Location of contact Above the shoulder to the front of the head Above the shoulder from the side to the back of the head Minimal Based on aggressive or violent nature and intent = Red Dealing With Misconduct: Taking Official Action Use of Hands / Arms Summary slide of the official actions required by referees when the USE OF HANDS/ARMS is noted. = Yellow = Red

1/29/2009 Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation Video Examples Game Disrepute/ Mass Confrontation 1 Game Disrepute 1 Minimizing Mass Confrontation 1 VIDEO EXAMPLES Game Disrepute/Mass Confront 1 Decision: This is a situation that begins as game disrepute but escalates to mass confrontation between players. Hence, there are multiple acts of misconduct requiring multiple cards. Minimally, according to the guidelines above, the referee must take the following action: Starts with yellow card to both players who initiate the action for unsporting behavior [the player who commits the first foul for the push (#5 Saragosa on red/white team) and the player who then retaliates (#2 Robinson on orange team)] by pushing the initiator and by standing over him to bring the game into disrepute Red card to #11 Rocha (red/white team) for violent conduct (contact above the shoulder) Red card to #2 Robinson (orange team) for violent conduct (contact above the shoulder). This player commits two separate acts of misconduct each of which are punishable. The referee should write up the yellow card and then write a report on the straight red card If the referees believe other players exhibited violent conduct, then they should consider sending them off as well Reasoning: The referee needs a quick whistle and quicker movement/urgency to get to the action The referee should recognize the initial “warning sign” that one player has a cast and, therefore, the referee should be more proactive The level of intensity of the referee needs to be higher to match or exceed that of the players The referee team needs to look for an escalator of the situation. In this clip, it is #11 Rocha of the red/white team Once the confrontation escalates beyond 2 players, the referee and the ARs should step back and form the “triangle of control.” In this case, the referee and one AR are too close and they become intermingled amongst the players. Consequently, he cannot see the whole picture and the shoving/actions behind him Minimizing Mass Confrontation 1 Decision: Excellent preventative work by the referee team. A red card to #15 Serioux (red/white team) for serious foul play is needed. The issuance of a yellow card to one of the players on the red/white team for dissent as they displayed mass confrontation toward the referee is warranted. Warning signs that a potential problem may arise: the score is 4-1 and the ball is in front of the benches. The referee team used preventative measures. The referee showed urgency by sprinting to the spot of the foul and by immediately displaying the red card. The referee’s intensity surpassed that of the situation. These actions defused the situation. The AR and fourth official immediately intervened to help prevent escalation and separate the players. For the most part, mass confrontation between players is avoided due to the immediate response of the referee team. Game Disrepute 1 Decision: This is a situation of game disrepute. Both players should be cautioned for unsporting behavior The fact that opposing players are running toward the sign boards is a “warning sign” that a potential conflict may arise The second warning sign is the push toward the boards by the red team player as the ball is leaving the field of play The referee must get to the spot quickly to intervene between the two players. The referee’s presence is critical The rapid display of the yellow card by the referee acts as a deterrent and defuses the situation There is no need for extra yellow cards as no other players caused the the situation to escalate The AR can be seen running in to provide support. The AR can discontinue his approach/intervention if the situation calms down before his arrival Game Disrepute 2 Decision: This is a situation of game disrepute. The player on the white team should be cautioned for unsporting behavior (taunting) Warning signs are the body language of the player on the white team which is out of the norm. The fact that the player is leaning over the opponent in an attempt to “rub the goal in his face” should signal to the referee that action is required Failure to address this with a caution at this time could lead to retaliatory efforts on the part of the opponent later in the match The referee needs to get to the spot and establish a physical presence in this situation. This presence would help prevent retaliation. The referee must exhibit urgency Game Disrepute 2

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct: Tactical and Red Card Tackles Objective: Getting the 100% Misconduct situations correct through uniform interpretation Understanding characteristics of: Tactical fouls Red card tackles This presentation is geared at eliminating the “Gray Area” relative to tactical fouls and red card tackles by providing specific criteria defining and differentiating the various types of tactical fouls and the various types of tackles that SHOULD result in yellow or red cards issued by the referee. This directive will examine: 1. Tactical Fouls Criteria/Identification Yellow card required 2. Red Card Tackles Definitive differentiation: foul vs. yellow card vs. red card tackles

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Tactical Fouls Primarily fouls that don’t necessarily endanger the safety of an opponent Committed in order to: Stop a team of an effective attack Gain an advantage in attack Tactical Fouls: The Definition Tactical fouls are: Primarily fouls that don’t necessarily endanger the safety of an opponent but are Committed either: - To break down a promising attack or - To gain an advantage in attack. These fouls are often considered minor because they normally don’t involve hard, physical contact. Because of this “soft” classification, they often go unpunished as officials do not recognize the tactical implication and the attacking advantage that is being denied. Shirt pulling or using their body to make contact with the opponent and impede their progress are frequent examples. Tactical fouls are not only an illegal challenge but where the foul interferes with a promising attack it should be considered as unsporting behavior. Tactical fouls are not only a foul but may also be considered misconduct.

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Tactical Fouls Characteristics Usually in attacking end of the field Attacking team has or will have a numerical advantage Time to defend Prevent the ball and/or player from advancing The defender knows he is beat Minor nature of the challenge. Here are some characteristics of tactical fouls: Usually in attacking end of the field. Defensive players commit the foul because they acknowledge that the attacking team will have a credible opportunity to go-to-goal with a high degree of effectiveness. It normally involves speed of the attack. Numerical advantage. Committed by defenders to prevent an attacking team or player from gaining a numeric advantage – not to be confused with denying a goal scoring opportunity. Time to defend. Tactical fouls are committed to give the defending team time to get goal-side of the ball. In other words, to give the defending team (as opposed to the attacking team) time to get a numeric advantage between the ball and the goal. Prevent the ball and/or player from advancing. Normally, committed to prevent the ball and/or attacking player from getting into space behind a defender or behind the defense. This assists in developing a numeric advantage. It is the “if the ball gets by, the player doesn’t or if the player gets by, the ball doesn’t” theory. Look for open areas of space that the ball would normally be played into or where an attacking player would run into if they were to receive the ball. This would be behind a defender, into space and normally in the attacking half of the field, often within yards of the goal. The defender knows he is beat. Defenders commit this foul because they know they have been beat by the attacker. Look for one vs. one situations: for example, an attacking player along the touchline going by his defender into space (normally along the wing) to set up a cross or to cut in toward the goal. Minor nature of the challenge. Normally do not involve hard, physical contact.

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Tactical Fouls “ Why did the player commit the foul here or at this time?” Referee Team must recognize the reason These are just a few of the characteristics of tactical fouls. Work on training your eye to distinguish them. Ask yourself, “Why did the player commit the foul here?” Often times the fouls occur in the wide channels of the field, so it is critical that assistant referees also be aware of these characteristics and provide the referee with appropriate assistance. Players work very hard to hide tactical-type fouls and make them difficult for the referee to identify. Tactical fouls= are also labeled as “gamesmanship,” as they are designed to cheat the game and/or disrupt attacking play. Often, these fouls seem so minor that the referee fails to recognize the reason the player is committing the foul. Tactical fouls require a yellow card for unsporting behavior. Tactical Foul = Yellow

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Red Card Tackles Severity of Challenges Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off Excessive Force Careless Reckless This is an overview of a continuum of FOUL SEVERITY. The further along the continuum, the greater the likelihood the challenge will require official action on the part of the referee. Remember, USB is unsporting behavior. This requires a caution as the Laws state any RECKLESS tackle must be cautioned. VC SFP is Violent conduct / serious foul play. These are challenges involving excessive force and endangering the safety of the opponent. Red cards are mandated by the Laws of the Game.

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Careless Tackles Severity of Challenges Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Careless “The player has shown a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution.” Red Card Tackles (continued) Careless “The player has shown a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution.” In other words, the player has not exercised due caution in making a play. Normally exhibited as a miscalculation of strength or a stretch of judgment by the player committing the foul. No disciplinary sanction is required. Miscalculation of strength or A stretch of judgment

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Yellow Card Tackles Severity of Challenges Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Reckless “The player has acted with complete disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, his opponent.” Red Card Tackles (continued) Reckless “The player has acted with complete disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, his opponent.” Clearly outside the norm for fair play. A caution is required. Clearly outside the norm of play Yellow Card required

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Red Card Tackles Severity of Challenges Law 12: Fouls and Misconduct Using Excessive Force “The player has far exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.” Red Card Tackles (continued) Using Excessive Force “The player has far exceeded the necessary use of force and is in danger of injuring his opponent.” The challenge places the opponent in considerable danger of bodily harm. Faces INJURY. SAFETY endangered. A red card is required. The opponent is in considerable danger of bodily harm Red Card required

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Red Card Tackles Criteria for Judgment Speed of play and the tackle Intent Aggressive nature Position of the tackler – in particular, the legs From the side, straight on, or the back Opportunity to play the ball Atmosphere of the game Red card tackles usually involve combinations of the following components. Referees should use these criteria to determine whether the tackle meets the excessive force definition. Speed of play and the tackle Intent Aggressive nature Position of the tackler – in particular, his legs (height of the tackler’s leading leg and the follow-up action by the tackler’s trailing leg) Opportunity to play the ball Atmosphere of the game

1/29/2009 100% Misconduct Video Examples 100% Misconduct Tactical 1 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 1 100% Misconduct DOGSO 100% Misconduct Tactical 2 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 2 100% Misconduct Red Tackle 1 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 3 Clips: Lessons in Action 100% Misconduct Tactical 1 Decision: Free kick and caution to the defender for unsporting behavior Reasoning: The defender commits a tactical foul, in the attacking portion of the field, that prevents a shot on goal The answer to the question: “why did the defender commit the foul?” is obvious – prevent a shot or prevent the attacker from continuing progress to goal The Laws of the Game state a caution for unsporting behavior should be given if a player: “holds an opponent for the tactical purpose of pulling the opponent away from the ball or preventing an opponent from getting to the ball” and “commits a foul for the tactical purpose of interfering with or breaking up a promising attack.” Referee takes too long to set and establish the wall – needs more authority 100% Misconduct Tactical 2 Decision: Caution and free kick for unsporting behavior – tactical holding foul This is a tactical foul due to the position on the field (just outside the penalty area) The foul prevents a possible shot by the attacker The subtleness or softness of the foul cannot be a consideration in NOT giving a yellow card as the foul is tactical in nature and meets the criteria listed in the position paper/presentation Basically, the referee’s hands are tied. It is a blatant hold to destroy a shot and destroy a numerical advantage 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 1 This is a reckless tackle The ball is gone and the player commits the foul because the ball has gotten by him and he doesn’t want the attacker to also get by 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 2 Decision: Free kick and yellow card for unsporting behavior plus the referee must make a demonstrative/verbal display of displeasure with the defender by isolating him This is a tactical foul: see definition of tactical The attacker is a skillful player who must be slowed down by the defender (slowing the attack) The attacker is prevented from building the attacker further with a potential penetrating run with the ball (the referee must see the space in front of the attacker and behind the defender) The defender avoids a red card by keeping his foot on the ground and by the manner in which the attacker jumps to avoid further contact 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 3 Decision: Yellow card and foul on the blue shirt player who makes the first tackle Minimum yellow card on the red shirt player for his actions of attempting to make contact with his leg on the opponent. Red card or second yellow card potentially for his actions with the opponent once they stand up (referee must judge whether contact was made with the opponent’s face with the hand) Yellow card to the blue shirt player who is the “third man in” and enters the situation aggressively (he is an instigator or “escalator” causing potential further action – mass confrontation) The tackle by the blue shirt player is retaliation for the foul the same opponent committed on him in the prior clip (100% Misconduct Yellow Card 2) that went unpunished by the referee 16 minutes before 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 4 Decision: The referee is required to issue a yellow card to the tackler (for unsporting behavior) as the foul is “reckless” This type of reckless challenge is not permitted at 23 seconds or at 89 minutes The use of personality by the referee is not a sufficient message in this case The first foul cannot be free 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 5 Decision: This is a yellow card challenge/tackle for unsporting behavior Despite the early time in the game (2:55), this challenge meets the criteria for 100% misconduct and a yellow card This is an intimidating four that attempts to say to a talented playmaker/attacker: “Don’t come into my territory!” Referees must be cognizant of such tactics by defenders who wish to send negative messages to attackers, especially the skillful attackers 100% Misconduct DOGSO Decision: Red card on the second challenge for denying an obvious goal scoring opportunity (DOGSO) If the defender does not commit the foul, the attacker has a clear opportunity to score and/or shoot on goal Apply the 4 “D’s” relating to DOGSO The referee does a good job taking a risk on the first challenge and foul that the attacker breaks away from 100% Misconduct Red Card Tackle 1 Decision: Red card for serious foul play Regardless of the time of the match (92:00+), the tackle is a red card offense The score at the time (1-0 in favor of the player who makes the red card tackle) should not be taken into consideration Defender lunges with exposed cleats Defender’s knees are locked / straight leg Contact is made with the attacker’s Achilles 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 4 100% Misconduct Yellow Card 5

Assistant Referee Involvement
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement This Directive is intended to assist Assistant Referees and referees with developing a unified approach to involvement in decision making thereby ensuring, as often as possible, the referee TEAM gets the decision correct. Key questions to guide AR involvement will be explored: Fail the game? Fail the referee” Impact the outcome of the game? Situations regarding involvement and over-involvement will be discussed: When involvement is required Off-ball incidents Game critical decision Better angle of vision than the referee Over-involvement Taking over the game

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Keys to defining “Involvement:” Pregame discussion Empowerment Defining when the AR has an obligation to be involved Obligation to the referee and to the game Supportive The team must adopt a “get-it-right” attitude When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required Referees must establish parameters for involvement during the pregame discussion. ARs must feel empowered to participate in game critical decisions when they are 100% certain. They must also have guidelines which enable their involvement to be supportive rather than appear in conflict with the tenor of the match set by the referee. Simply, ARs must get into the same rhythm as the referee but must also develop a “feel” for the game in terms of being involved when the referee’s rhythm is not sufficient for the game. In certain circumstances, ARs should utilize the “wait and see” approach prior to involvement. Give the referee the first opportunity to be engaged. If, due to the referee’s attention being engaged elsewhere, the referee is not aware of a critical situation, then the AR is empowered to provide assistance within these guidelines. There are two types of “involvement:” managing game situations and doing subtle things to support the referee thereby making the referee team successful. The AR has an obligation to the referee and to the game.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Ten Scenarios When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required: Game critical decisions Off-the-ball incidents Eye contact by the referee Referee is out of position and too far from play AR has better angle Mass confrontation Management style of the referee Temperature of the match Goal line decisions The whole picture not seen When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 10 Scenarios are provided that require AR involvement Referees must establish parameters for involvement during the pregame discussion. ARs must feel empowered to participate in game critical decisions when they are 100% certain. They must also have guidelines which enable their involvement to be supportive rather than appear in conflict with the tenor of the match set by the referee. Simply, ARs must get into the same rhythm as the referee but must also develop a “feel” for the game in terms of being involved when the referee’s rhythm is not sufficient for the game. In certain circumstances, ARs should utilize the “wait and see” approach prior to involvement. Give the referee the first opportunity to be engaged. If, due to the referee’s attention being engaged elsewhere, the referee is not aware of a critical situation, then the AR is empowered to provide assistance within these guidelines. There are two types of “involvement:” managing game situations and doing subtle things to support the referee thereby making the referee team successful. The AR has an obligation to the referee and to the game.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 1. Game Critical Decisions AR 100% certain regardless of referee position/attitude Decision “game/referee requires” vs. simple foul in midfield – like a penalty kick Misconduct - Yellow/Red Card Foul inside/outside penalty area Goal / No goal decision Team gains “unfair advantage” if not dealt with “Trigger” event The following list is intended to help officials define the moments in the game when AR involvement is required: 1. Game Critical Decisions Situations in which the AR is 100% certain of what he saw – regardless of the position / attitude of the referee Decisions the “game requires” or the “referee requires” vs. simple fouls in the midfield - Penalty Kick Misconduct (serious foul play / violent conduct): yellow card, red card Foul inside / outside of the penalty area Goal / no goal decision Denying an Obvious Goal Scoring Opportunity (DOGSO) A team will gain an “unfair advantage” if the referee team does not deal with it A “trigger” event occurs that is likely to lead to mass confrontation if not dealt with quickly and firmly (look for a situation that may escalate)

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 2. Off-the-Ball Incidents Behind the referee’s back vs. right in front of referee 3. Eye Contact By The Referee AR Involvement (continued) 2. Off-the-Ball Incidents Behind the referee’s back vs. right in front of the referee 3. Eye Contact By The Referee When the referee makes eye contact and gives the “what happened” look vs. when the referee signals “play on” or “nothing there” “What happened” look vs. referee signals “play on” or the “nothing there” look

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 4. Referee Out of Position or Far From Play Closer to AR, greater likelihood for involvement Proximity to play Counter-attacks Poor positioning on a free kick 5. Referee’s Angle of Vision AR Involvement (continued) 4. Referee Out of Position or Far From Play The closer to the AR, the greater the likelihood for involvement Proximity to play Counter-attacks Poor positioning on a free kick 5. Referee’s Angle of Vision The referee does not have a clear view of the action due to: - A poor angle or - Interposed players Referee does not have clear view of the action Poor angle Interposed player(s)

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 6. Mass Confrontation Participation in “Triangle of Control” Provide misconduct information 7. Management Style of the Referee Adjust involvement accordingly AR Involvement (continued) 6. Mass Confrontation Participation in the “triangle of control” Providing appropriate misconduct information 7. The Management Style of the Referee Adjust involvement accordingly - Strict vs. liaise faire

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 8. Temperature of the Match Read/feel the game Increased involvement in difficult games to aid game control AR Involvement (continued) 8. Temperature of the Match Read the game / feel the game Increased involvement in difficult matches to aid in game control

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 9. Goal Line Decisions On the goal line for: Ball in/out Goal/No goal Goal kick vs. corner kick Initial indication when in AR’s “quadrant” Assistance/confirmation when in referee’s “quadrant” AR Involvement (continued) 9. Goal Line Decisions On the goal line for - Ball in / out decisions - Goal / no goal decisions - Goal kick versus corner kick decisions Initial indication when action is in the ARs “quadrant” Assistance and confirmation in the referee’s “quadrant” AR’s must sprint and follow all balls to the goal line and maintain position with the second-to-last defender

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement When Assistant Referee Involvement is Required 10. The Whole Picture Not Seen Referee may not have seen the entire incident or total impact/severity of the action Information about actions which preceded the violation AR Involvement (continued) 10. The Whole Picture Not Seen Despite the referee taking action, he may not have seen the entire incident or the total impact / severity of the action Information about actions which preceded the violation that caught the referee’s attention

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee AR’s should refrain from: “Taking over the game” Over exuberant in flagging calls that interfere with the referee’s performance and game flow/risk taking management Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee While ARs need to feel empowered to assist the referee in the critical areas detailed above, they must also show restraint in Taking over the game or From being over exuberant in flagging calls that interfere with the referee’s performance and game flow or risk taking management. Note: Over-involvement does not extend to participation in the decisions that the AR is 100% certain and that impact the overall outcome of the game. Over-involvement does not extend to participation in the decisions that the AR is 100% certain and that impact the overall outcome of the game

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee Examples Fouls Called Not Consistent with the Referee Over-Extending Beyond the AR’s “Area of Control” 50/50 Call Flag Because It Is Near Me Syndrome Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee (continued) The following are situations that may be categorized as the AR being “over-involved:” Fouls Called Not Consistent with the Referee Over-Extending Beyond the AR’s “Area of Control” 50/50 Call Flag Because It Is Near Me Syndrome Each will be discussed in detail.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee Examples 1. Fouls Called Not Consistent with the Referee Not reading the game like the referee Violation the referee would have: Considered doubtful/trifling Applied advantage Follow the game management style outlined by the referee in the pregame and watch as that style is implemented Neither the game nor the referee needs the call Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee > 5 EXAMPLES in which ARs can be OVER-INVOLVED 1. Fouls Called Not Consistent with those of the Referee AR is not reading the game like the referee (out of the rhythm of the referee) Violations which the referee would have: - Considered doubtful or trifling - Have applied advantage AR must follow the game management style outlined by the referee in the pregame and watch closely as that style is implemented on the field (getting into the rhythm of the referee Neither the game nor the referee needs the call

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee Examples 2. Over-Extending Beyond the AR’s “Area of Control” As AR’s distance to the event increases, AR involvement generally should decrease (except 100% sure and game critical) Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee > 5 EXAMPLES in which ARs can be OVER-INVOLVED (continued) The following are situations that may be categorized as the AR being “over-involved:” 2. Over-Extending Beyond the ARs “Area of Control” As distance to the event increases, the ARs involvement generally should decrease, except where 100% sure and game critical

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee Examples 3. 50/50 Call Decisions that may be too difficult for the AR to sell from his position Over-Involvement by the Assistant Referee > 5 EXAMPLES in which ARs can be OVER-INVOLVED (continued) The following are situations that may be categorized as the AR being “over-involved:” 3. The 50/50 Call Decisions that may be too difficult for the AR to sell from his position 4. Flag Because it is Near Me Syndrome Flag will come up after the whistle 4. Flag Because It Is Near Me Syndrome Flag comes up after the whistle

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Involvement Summation “If I raise the flag, do I interfere with the referee and if I don’t raise the flag, do I fail the game?” AR Involvement Summation ARs were asked to think about the following question prior to raising the flag: “If I raise the flag, do I interfere with the referee, and if I don’t raise the flag, do I fail the game?” AR Involvement Decision: The AR needs to flag a pushing foul on the attacker who makes contact with the goalkeeper just prior to the save. Reasoning: A foul must be called as the push into the goalkeeper’s back, although so slight, affects his ability to play the ball unencumbered. The AR is best positioned to see the side view of the push on the goalkeeper. AR Over Involvement

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Involvement Summation Questions for Involvement Does the referee have a clear view of the incident? Did I clearly see the infraction? AR Involvement As ARs contemplate involvement and as they answer the aforementioned question, the following two factors should be considered very quickly: 1. Does the referee have a clear view of the incident? Was the infraction such that the referee can clearly see the play and make the decision? Where is the referee positioned? Is he close enough to the play to make the decision on his own? If you answer, “no, the referee did not see it” then you can consider the next question. 2. Did I clearly see the infraction? If there is any doubt as to what you saw, leave the decision to the referee unless the referee looks to you for assistance because he also senses there is an issue. If this is the case, then you need to balance your participation based upon your “gut” feeling and how committed you are to the other questions you must answer. Overall, ARs are empowered to participate in the game if non-involvement means you: Fail the Game Fail the Referee Impact the outcome of the game In many instances, ARs should consider using the “wait and see” approach and refrain from quick flags. ARs should temper involvement until the game or the referee needs you.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Involvement Summation Overall, AR’s are empowered to participate in the game if non-involvement means you: Fail the Game Fail the Referee Impact the outcome of the game AR Involvement Involvement Summation (continued) Overall, ARs are empowered to participate in the game if non-involvement means you: Fail the Game Fail the Referee Impact the outcome of the game In many instances, ARs should consider using the “wait and see” approach and refrain from quick flags. ARs should temper involvement until the game or the referee needs you. In many instances, AR’s should consider using the “wait and see” approach and refrain from quick flags. AR’s should temper involvement until the game or the referee needs you.

1/29/2009 Assistant Referee Involvement Video Examples AR Involvement 1 AR Involvement 4 AR Involvement 2 AR Involvement 5 AR Involvement 3 AR Involvement 6 AR Involvement – Clips: Lessons in Action AR Involvement 1 Decision: The AR is best positioned to call a foul. There is also offside present (by interfering with the opponent or goalkeeper) but the officials must punish the more serious of two infringements which is the pushing foul to the goalkeeper’s back. Reasoning: AR has the best angle of vision and has the ability to see between the players and observe the contact The AR should raise the flag to bring the infringement to the referee’s attention. AR Involvement 2 Decision: Handball and penalty kick The referee’s angle of vision is blocked AR involvement is required as the defender’s arm is facing him and the AR has a clear view This is a critical game decision requiring AR intervention The signal used by the AR is correct: raise/wiggle the flag then hold it across the waist (mimicking the substitution signal) after the referee’s whistle This is a perfect opportunity for the AR to follow the guidelines above and ask: Does the referee have a clear view of the incident? And Did I clearly see the infraction? AR Involvement 3 Decision: Red card for violent conduct (striking an opponent by making contact above the shoulders in a violent manner) and a penalty kick. The AR should provide assistance to the referee in making the call and informing the referee of the violent nature of the offense This is a good candidate for AR involvement because of the location on the field (near the AR) The AR has a clear view of the foul whereas the referee’s attention may be distracted and focused on the “drop zone” (where the ball will be going into the middle of the penalty area) The AR should call the referee over and inform him that there is a penalty kick and the offender should be sent off for violent conduct AR Involvement 4 Decision: Yellow card. The challenge is made in a reckless manner This is a free kick from more than 40 yards from goal. Hence, the referee’s attention may be focused on managing the restart (the ball, the kicker and the wall) In restart situations, the AR should be scanning the field to observe any potential off-the-ball situations. The AR should not be focused on the same area of the field (restart area) as the referee In this case, during a stoppage, as the attacker is moving into position, he is confronted by a defender. The defender does not make contact above the shoulders and trips the running attacker (reckless actions) The AR should be able to identify this and should be watching the movement since it is in his line of vision AR Involvement 5 Decision: Red card for denying an obvious goal scoring opportunity (DOGSO) Regardless of the stature of the player, in this clip, the referee must recognize this is a situation involving DOGSO and therefore call the foul and issue a red card Because this is a quick counter attack, the AR should be prepared to participate in the decision If the AR sees the contact and the foul, the AR is empowered to become involved as it is a critical game situation As the play develops, the AR should scan the field to see where the referee is positioned. Since the referee is far from the play, this should serve as a signal to the AR to be involved by calling the foul AR Involvement 6 Decision: The referee and the AR should apply advantage. Once the ball is out of play, the referee should come back and caution the defending player for unsporting behavior (tactical foul) despite applying the advantage. The AR is over-involved in this decision and should keep the flag down The AR is not in the same rhythm as the referee The AR must read/”feel” the play and be able to identify the applicability of the “4 P Principle.” The “4 P Principle” of Advantage Application: Possession of ball: control by team or player. Potential for attack: ability to continue a credible and dangerous attack. Personnel: skill of attackers, numerical advantage. Proximity to opponent’s goal: closeness to goal. The AR should apply the “wait and see” principle and keep the flag down long enough to see if the advantage materializes The referee should aid the ARs “wait and see” process by correctly signaling the advantage as it develops, the AR then does not need to be involved at all The referee has a good view of the opportunity for advantage and should wave down the ARs flag

CONTACT ABOVE THE SHOULDERS
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE THE SHOULDERS In recent years, the frequency of injuries (broken jaws, eye sockets, noses, etc.) has significantly risen due to contact in the facial region of players. Players are taking more liberties with their arms/hands when challenging for balls. This Directive is intended to provide multiple criteria for referees so that they can identify and deal with contact above the shoulder in an appropriate manner. In this presentation, there will be examples of legal use of arms, use that should result in a simple foul, use that should result in a yellow card and use of arms that should result in a red card. All this is intended to meet the following objective: Objective: Getting Contact Above the Shoulder situations correct through uniform interpretation There will be some specific US Soccer Directives that will require referees to monitor and deal with contact above the shoulder in a uniform manner. Keys to successful implementation will be addressed: safety, FIRE, Tool vs. Weapon, SIAPOA

CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS Topics to be Covered Game Management Model Criteria defined No foul Foul Misconduct Ball in play Ball out of play Tool vs. Weapon Video examples Summary This outlines content to be explored in the CONTACT ABOVE THE SHOULDER presentation.

1/29/2009 REMEMBER THIS? Italy vs. USA World Cup 2006 From the 2006 World Cup game between Italy and USA in which Brian McBride is elbowed and the Italian player receives a red card. This is a blatant form of CONTACT ABOVE THE SHOULDER.

1/29/2009 WHAT DOES THE PICTURE SAY? Use the picture to explain the elbow: Hard surface (elbow) to a soft surface (face) Focus on the result of the challenge: blood, injury.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS GAME MANAGEMENT MODEL BIG PICTURE GAME CONTROL SAFETY ENTERTAINMENT 100% MISCONDUCT When it comes to contact above the shoulder, GAME CONTROL is paramount and flow and risk taking should not be considerations. The core of the game management model stresses “safety” of the players. flow RISK TAKING

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS Focus Ball in play Dead ball situations Is the safety of the opponent endangered? Contact Above the Shoulder will be examined while the ball is in play and during dead ball situations: 1. Ball In Play Aerial challenges: players jumping up and often into opponents to win headers. An attacker being held from behind while in possession of the ball: the attacker swings his arm/elbow/hand back into the opponent’s face to attempt to disengage him. An attacker has picked up speed and has pushed the ball by the defender and will pass the defender on his run with the ball: the defender uses his elbow/arm/hand in the facial region of the opponent to stop their progress. 2. Dead Ball Situations Deliberate and intentional contact to the face of an opponent while the ball is out of play. Most likely to occur during instances of game disrepute or mass confrontation. Contact is generally made with a part of the hand. Slap to face during mass confrontation or game disrepute Player withholding ball from opponent who then gets slapped or pushed in the face.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off Severity of Challenge model. Shows the continuum referees use to determine whether an action is a no foul through send off. This continuum will be referred to throughout this directive.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS GENERAL CRITERIA Where a player uses his hands/arms in a manner that puts a player’s safety at risk…. Contact above the shoulder (face, head and neck region) = Red Card Contact into Chest = Yellow Card However, if an opponent uses excessive force when pushing an opponent in his chest then a Red Card will be issued These are GENERAL guidelines but must be considered in context of the situation and the challenge committed. The key is the term “safety.” When the referee senses a player’s safety is at risk, the referee should start to think “red card” challenge.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS Why? Consideration should be given to the following factors: F – I – R – E Frustration Intimidation Retaliation Establishing Territory The acronym F-I-R-E should be used to assist officials with identifying elbows (in the run of play/ball in play) that should be dealt with by showing a red card for either serious foul play (if committed while competing for the ball) or violent conduct (any time other than while competing for the ball).

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS FOCUS Ball in play Aerial challenges Attacker in possession of ball swinging arm Defender using arm to stop opponent Back of head Dead ball situations To face Examples of Contact Above the Shoulder: 1. Ball In Play Aerial challenges: players jumping up and often into opponents to win headers. An attacker being held from behind while in possession of the ball: the attacker swings his arm/elbow/hand back into the opponent’s face to attempt to disengage him. An attacker has picked up speed and has pushed the ball by the defender and will pass the defender on his run with the ball: the defender uses his elbow/arm/hand in the facial region of the opponent to stop their progress. 2. Dead Ball Situations Deliberate and intentional contact to the face of an opponent while the ball is out of play. Most likely to occur during instances of game disrepute or mass confrontation. Contact is generally made with a part of the hand. Slap to face during mass confrontation or game disrepute Player withholding ball from opponent who then gets slapped or pushed in the face.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS TOOL vs. WEAPON Consider the following tool vs. weapon comparison as “contact above the shoulder” occurs. Tool: Consider a foul or yellow card if contact made Weapon: A red card is mandated

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS TOOL WEAPON vs. Arm used for balance Normal body movement No swing of the arm INTO the opponent Opponent into arm/elbow/hand – not arm/elbow/hand into opponent Arm/elbow was out before the challenge was initiated Not UP and IN – just UP Excessive force used Safety of the player is endangered Hard surface (forearm/elbow/hand) and neck region) Arm/elbow UP and IN to opponent – leads with arm Arm/elbow/hand is swung toward opponent’s facial region Injury results This shows the components of using the arm/elbow as a TOOL vs. a WEAPON. Compare the differences.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS BALL IN PLAY CRITERIA Does the player lead with the forearm and/or is the arm extended from the jumper’s body? Up and In vs. opponent initiating contact Lead with the forearm or elbow Extended arm…battering ram Tool vs. Weapon F-I-R-E Ball In Play – Criteria Does the player lead with the forearm and/or elbow as he jumps at or toward the opponent instead of straight up? An arm extended from the jumper’s body is like a battering ram (solid, hard and unforgiving). Think “up and in” toward the opponent. Generally speaking the following guidelines can be applied: Up, Not In: A player who jumps straight up, with the arm in, is generally attempting a fair challenge. Up and In: A player who jumps toward the opponent, landing a far distance from where they initiated their jump with their arm extended thereby initiating contact above the opponent’s shoulders is generally attempting an unfair challenge and the referee should consider misconduct. EXAMPLES Player jumps INTO opponent leading with arm Player swings arm/elbow

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS BALL IN PLAY CRITERIA Is the safety of the opponent endangered? Solid, hard, unforgiving contact with soft tissue Disregard to player safety Above the shoulder (facial/head/neck region) signals safety is jeopardized Ball In Play – Criteria (continued) Is the aerial challenge done in such a manner whereby there is disregard to the safety of the opponent? When a solid, extended arm makes contact with a player’s face (soft tissue) or neck region, the player’s safety is endangered. The referee needs to take into consideration the safety or well being of the opponent. The fact that the facial/head region is involved should be a signal to the referee that the safety of the opponent is jeopardized.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS BALL IN PLAY CRITERIA The result of the contact The result of the forearm and/or elbow contact, not just whether the player swung his arm/elbow to make contact (blood, broken nose, blackened eye, injury…) Ball In Play – Criteria (continued) Is the aerial challenge done in such a manner whereby there is disregard to the safety of the opponent? When a solid, extended arm makes contact with a player’s face (soft tissue) or neck region, the player’s safety is endangered. The referee needs to take into consideration the safety or well being of the opponent. The fact that the facial/head region is involved should be a signal to the referee that the safety of the opponent is jeopardized.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS BALL IN PLAY CRITERIA Do not focus solely on the swinging of the arm Referees need to modify their approach and consider the three factors above: Does the player lead with the forearm and/or is the arm extended from the jumper’s body? Is the safety of the opponent endangered? The result of the contact Think before you act Contact with a solid object (forearm or hand) with a soft object (the face) often should be interpreted as “excessive force,” as the amount of force necessary to injure the opponent is significantly less Ball In Play – Criteria (continued) Do not focus solely on the swinging of the arm. Referees need to modify their approach and consider the three factors above. By including these factors in the decision, officials will be better prepared to take the appropriate action. Think before you act: A good officiating technique to aid in recognizing the severity of the “contact above the shoulder” involves delaying the ultimate decision a second or two in order to give the referee time to visualize and process the information. After considering these factors, if the referee believes the safety of the opponent is endangered or would have been endangered, then a red card is mandated. The idea of “excessive force” is important. Contact with a solid object (forearm or hand) with a soft object (the face) often should be interpreted as “excessive force,” as the amount of force necessary to injure the opponent is significantly less. Also, consider that when contact above the shoulder is initiated, players do not have the opportunity to defend themselves; as a result, the player receiving the contact is extremely vulnerable.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off The Foul Severity Continuum will be used to look at: BALL IN PLAY situations involving aerial challenges. Following will be examples of: AERIAL CHALLENGES > NO FOUL

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS NO FOUL Video Examples No Foul Aerial 1 No Foul Aerial 2 No Foul Aerial 3 In each case, think FORCE USED also. <<<<<< NO FOUL >>>>>> No Foul Aerial 1 Player jumps into the underarm of the defender thereby initiating the contact. No swing of the arm. Arm is used for balance only and is relatively close to the body. Defender is jumping straight up. No Foul Aerial 2 Standard header. White shirt player jumps into the opponent initiating the contact. No Foul Aerial 3 No swing of arm back into opponent. Most, if not all, contact is into player’s chest, not face. No intent to injure. No Foul Aerial 4 Player on white team goes straight up, in a normal manner. Arm is against his body for the most part. No swing or use as a weapon. No excessive force. Opponent in black shirt jumps 3-4 yards into the player. No Foul Aerial 4

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off The Foul Severity Continuum will be used to look at: BALL IN PLAY situations involving aerial challenges. Following will be examples of: AERIAL CHALLENGES FOUL So, now, we are moving up the continuum to challenges involving fouls.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS FOUL: No Misconduct Careless: The player has shown a lack of attention or consideration when making a challenge or that he acted without precaution Simple fouls can be evaluated in the context of the definition of “careless” provided in the Laws of the Game.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS Foul: No Misconduct Video Examples Foul Only 1 Foul Only 2 <<<<< FOUL >>>>> Foul Only 1 Up and toward opponent Arm not swung but FORCE of contact is a factor in determining the severity of the foul Contact is made with the back of the arm not with the elbow and hard part of the arm Foul Only 2 Prevents opponent from jumping No force Back of head

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off Severity - Force - Result TOOL WEAPON In the prior definitions and video examples the idea of force and severity were raised. Now, as we move to the yellow and red card examples, force/severity play a bigger role. This shows how SEVERITY – FORCE – RESULT play a role but underlying that concept is the idea of TOOL vs. WEAPON. As you move up the continuum to USB and VC/SFP, the idea of WEAPON becomes increasing important. The force and severity of the challenge into the NECK and FACIAL region as well as the chest become critical factors.

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS MISCONDUCT: YELLOW Reckless: The player has acted with complete disregard to the danger to, or consequences for, his opponent Think: Severity Force Result Definition of RECKLESS from the Laws of the Game More Tool than Weapon and Less Severity, Force and Result than Red Card

USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS Yellow Card: Ball In Play Video Examples Aerial Challenge YC 1 Aerial Challenge YC 3 Aerial Challenge YC 2 Aerial Challenge YC 4 Yellow Card: Ball in Play Aerial Challenge 1 Arm contact is aggressive but not with excessive force Additional force from a standard header/aerial challenge Look at the body language of the jumper. It tells his intent. Arm comes down on opponent not into the opponent with force Aerial Challenge 2 Arm is not swung with excessive force. Not done in a manner to endanger the safety or injure the opponent Contact is made more with his hand than the hard surface of his elbow or forearm Arm is extended out from the body and toward the opponent but it is not swung and it does NOT go through the opponent Aerial Challenge 3 The force is a factor. It has more force than the foul clips but it is not excessive Arm moved down into the opponent. The opponent does not jump into the arm. This signifies the intent The intent of the jumper is indicated by the extra push he gives after initial contact Aerial Challenge 4 Force used is not excessive but unnecessary. The opponent does not have the chance to jump for the ball Turns body at last minute to minimize the contact and force with the forearm This is an intimidation type foul. No chance for the ball Push to Chest YC 1 Both players should receive a yellow card. The first player for a tactical shirt pull. The second player should be cautioned for unsporting behavior. He shoves the opponent in the chest. It is more of a hard shove than a strike, hence, not a red card offence. The contact is minimal. Elbow Across Chest YC 1 Use of arm to slow opponent Tactical yellow card for unsporting behavior Not a red because no facial contact is made The contact is down, across the chest – not up toward the face region Push to Chest YC 1 Elbow Across Chest YC 1

USB VC SFP Caution No Foul Foul Send Off

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS Red Card: Ball In Play Video Examples Elbow by Attacker RC 1 Aerial Challenge RC 1 Arm to Face by Attacker RC 1 Elbow by Attacker RC 2 Aerial Challenge RC 2 Arm to Face by Defender RC 1 Elbow by Attacker RC 3 Aerial Challenge RC 3 Arm to Face by Defender RC 2 Elbow by Attacker RC 1: Red card Up an in toward the opponent / arm swung toward facial region High likelihood for injury Safety of player is endangered Elbow by Attacker RC 2: Red card Red card to #11 for elbow to face Yellow card to defender for tactical hold (unsporting behavior) Force, severity and resulting injury Up and in Elbow by Attacker RC 3: Red card Red card to #11 for the swing of the arm into the opponent’s face: up and in Yellow card to #2 for tactical hold (unsporting behavior) Elbow by Attacker RC 4: Red card Red card to #10 of the black team: up and in with his arm. Force used, injury results. Hard surface contacting soft surface. Yellow card to #10 of the white team for tactical hold (unsporting behavior) The 4th official must get involved. In this case, he has a clear view. Cannot be complacent. This is a game critical decision. If the referee does not get it right, the 4th official must intervene and communicate with the referee. If the referee has any doubt, prior to pulling the card, he should look for help from the 4th or the near AR. Aerial Challenge RC 1: Red Card Leads with the arm/elbow like a battering ram Jumps into opponent with force (compare where he leaves the ground to where he lands – not up but into the opponent) Injury results/safety of player endangered Hard surface connecting with soft surface Aerial Challenge RC 2: Red Card Arm swung back into the face of the opponent with the elbow connecting Hard surface into the facial region resulting in injury The challenge endangered the safety of the opponent Aerial Challenge RC 3: Red Card Swings arm back into opponent’s face to prevent the opponent from challenging for the ball: why is the arm going back? Injury results and the safety of the opponent is endangered Force used is a component Aerial Challenge RC 4: Red Card Arm swung back – up and in Arm is high and swung into the opponent AFTER the challenge is initiated. Why is the arm swung up above the attacker’s shoulder and then back? Arm to Face by Attacker RC 1: Red Card Up and in. The attacker could have created space by pushing down into the opponent’s chest but chose to go to the facial region Safety is endangered Hard surface to soft Arm to Face by Defender RC 1: Red Card Subtle but the defender puts his elbow and forearm into his opponent’s face Defender leads with forearm/elbow to the facial region (above the shoulder) The defender does this to prevent the attacker from advancing into space Contact is not needed to the facial area – signifies intent Arm to Face by Defender RC 2: Red Card Contact is initiated by the defender in order to prevent a fast moving attacker from getting into space behind him The defender leads with the forearm above the shoulder as he cuts off the attacker Contact is not needed to the face for a red card. This is above the shoulders but to the throat area Contact with Back of Head RC: Red Card The back of the head of the opponent is struck with force The player who is struck did not know it was coming This is a form of striking and endangers the player’s safety Elbow by Attacker RC 4 Aerial Challenge RC 4 Contact with Back of Head RC

DEAD BALL SITUATIONS FACE
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS DEAD BALL SITUATIONS FACE Deliberate Intended to intimidate Insulting Offensive Provocative Inciting manner RED Contact above the shoulders during “dead ball situations” involves premeditated and deliberate contact with an opponent’s face during dead ball situations – a stoppage in play. Key is “contact above the shoulder.” Intentional and deliberate contact in the area of the face is not permitted with any part of the hand. Deliberate facial contact cannot be tolerated. Players who intentionally make contact with an opponent’s face must be issued a red card for violent conduct. Not intended to address “friendly” contact that is not confrontational

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS DEAD BALL SITUATIONS FACE Examples: Use of the backhand Open handed slap Push/slap to the face Jabbing of a finger(s) to the face Grabbing hair Use of a fist Contact with the back of the head: When applying the aforementioned examples, the use of force becomes increasingly important when it involves contact with the back of the player’s head. Although the likelihood for injury is somewhat lessened as compared to contact with the face, referees must be aware of the danger to injure that “excessive force” to the back of the neck may cause. Depending upon the intent and the force used to the back of the head, referees may exercise reasonable discretion/tolerance in the selection of the most appropriate sanction.

DEAD BALL SITUATIONS FACE – Red Cards
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS DEAD BALL SITUATIONS FACE – Red Cards Video Examples Push to Face RC 1 Push to Face RC 3 Push to Face RC 2 Push to Face RC 4 These are mandatory red cards as contact is made to that facial region of an opponent. The head butt is also a red card. Head Butt RC 1

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS DEAD BALL SITUATIONS FACE – Red Cards NOT A RED CARD Friendly Non confrontational Respectful between opponents These are acceptable examples of contact to the face. They are done in either a friendly or non confrontational manner in which the players are NOT disrespecting each other. Hand to Face Acceptable 1 Arm to Face Acceptable 1

1/29/2009 CONTACT ABOVE SHOULDERS SUMMARY Tool vs. Weapon Diagram Relate to game management Match critical issue Progression Directive Review of the major points discussed concerning CONTACT ABOVE THE SHOULDERS.

Free Kick and Restart Management
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Free Kick and Restart Management This Directive provides specific direction regarding the management of free kicks (both ceremonial and quick). Once again, the objective is to provide officials with the tools and guidance to manage restarts in a consistent approach that stresses prevention. Hence, the focus for this Directive is: Preventative vs. curative Interference vs. intercepting Danger zones In providing guidelines, US Soccer details the following Directives for referees: 2009 Directives Mandatory card Discretionary cards Prevention/intervention Major areas addressed in the presentation are: Quick Free Kick vs. Ceremonial Free Kick Sequence of actions to manage free kicks Preventing Problems and Interference “Deliberately Prevents” Delaying a Restart

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1-29-2009 Two types of free kicks
1/29/2009 Free Kick and Restart Management Two types of free kicks Quick Ceremonial Basic Requirements for Managing Free Kicks If at all possible, the referee should know the tendencies of the teams and the individual players before the game so he can facilitate their style. There are two types of free kicks with separate methods for managing each: Quick Free Kicks (QFK) and Ceremonial Free Kicks (CFK).

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Quick Free Kick Attacking team takes kick as soon as ball is properly placed No separate signal by referee needed Attacking team does not ask for minimum distance (visually or verbally) Quick Free Kicks (QFK) Definition: The attacking team takes the kick as soon as the ball is properly placed, with no separate signal needed by the referee. The attacking team does not ask for (verbally or visually) the minimum distance to be enforced. Should be the method encouraged by the referee except where a specific reason exists requiring a Ceremonial Free Kick (CFK). Should be the method encouraged by the referee except when specific circumstances require a Ceremonial Free Kick

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Ceremonial Free Kick Referee is required to enforce the distance after: Red/Yellow card On field treatment of injury Substitution Request from attacking team (visually or verbally) Game control purposes Ceremonial Free Kicks (CFK) Definition: The kick cannot be taken by the attacking team until the referee gives a separate signal – the whistle under the following circumstances: The attacking team requests a CFK by asking the referee (verbally or visually) for the minimum distance to be enforced or “to move the wall back.” The referee chooses to enforce the distance for game management purposes. CFK should be used only when: A red or yellow card is to be given for misconduct occurring prior to the restart. A serious injury occurred requiring the trainer to enter the field to attend to but not treat the player (or on the field treatment of an injured goalkeeper) Substitution The attacking team requests that the minimum distance requirement be enforced against the opponents. Game Control Purposes: (some examples) - Calm the situation down - Managing the players - Substitution

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Set the Tone Address early Prevent Set a standard Hold players accountable Set the tone on Free Kick restarts It is critical to set the tone early on all free kick restarts. Set your standards and then hold the players accountable – set the precedent. Failing to deal with encroachment and interference early, makes it more difficult to get distance in the critical areas of the field as the game develops. Where encroachment or interference is blatant and obvious, your control is being tested and it is particularly important that you act firmly. Where it is less obvious, use discretion. Failure to deal with early Difficult times later =

Free Kick and Restart Management 2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Sequence of Actions to Manage Free Kicks Quick Free Kick Ceremonial Free Kick Whistle Foul Move Toward Spot of Foul (as needed) Ensure Ball Properly Located Read Player’s Intent: Move to Position Appropriate for the Restart Look for Confirmation of Ceremonial Kick (CFK) From Attackers Encourage the Kick by Verbally Managing Opponents Around the Ball to Prevent Interference Team Indicates They Want Ceremonial Restart (CFK) Get To Ball Sequence of Actions to Manage Free Kicks As much as possible, referees should attempt to follow the Sequence of Actions described on this chart. The major PREVENTATIVE items are highlighted in RED. Keys: Reading intent (of both the attacking and defending teams) and getting to ball if there are “signs” of interference or possible delay by opponents. Encourage, with presence and verbal management, players to move from the ball and toward a reasonable distance so that a QFK can be taken. If a CFK is to be given, the referee MUST get 10 yards in ALL directions. Show “Wait for Whistle Signal” Move the Wall Back: Get 10 yards From Players in All Directions Move to Restart Position Whistle for Restart

Free Kick and Restart Management 2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Danger Zone Free Kicks Ball at proper location Referee close but not interfering with a “quick free kick” Ask/ascertain if the attacking team wants the wall moved If so, move quickly to the ball Clearly indicate “wait for the whistle” signal Move wall back: Get 10 yards! Whistle restart Danger Zone Free Kicks “Danger zone” refers to the area approximately yards from goal in which goals can be scored directly off the restart Key points in managing Danger Zone Free Kicks: Ball at proper location Referee close but not interfering with a “quick free kick:” is the attacker looking to put the ball into play (body language)? Ask or ascertain through body language and players’ actions, if the attacking team wants the wall moved If the attacking team indicates they want a ceremonial free kick, the referee must move quickly to the ball Clearly indicate “wait for the whistle” signal by visually pointing to the whistle no higher than face level and, as appropriate, verbally advising the attacking players in the vicinity to wait for the whistle: this will make it easier for the defenders to move into the proper position Move wall back: defending players 10 yards away from the ball in all directions Whistle the restart

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 The “Statue” The player(s) who immediately stands in front of the ball to prevent the kick from being taken thereby forcing the referee to intervene Proactive verbally Encourage the statue to move back with you Detect trend Move to the spot of the foul quicker Presence Consider: Did the player run-in to form the statue? or Was he there immediately following the foul? The “Statue” Definition: The player(s) who immediately stands in front of the ball to prevent the kick from being taken thereby forcing the referee to intervene. Proactive verbally: As you see the player take position in front of the ball, verbally ask them to retreat Encourage the statue to move back with you: As you move to the restart position, attempt to encourage the statue to move with you / back-up with you Detect trend: If you see this as a trend to delay the restart, move to the spot of the foul quicker and manage more with your presence Consider: did the player run-in to form the statue or was he there immediately following the foul?

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 The “Statue” Presence is critical to prevent “the statue” from kicking or throwing the ball away Presence = Prevention Delaying a Restart Not Respecting the Required Distance The “Statue” The key is prevention through presence. Without prevention, defenders will engage in tactics that will result in them receiving a yellow card like: Delaying the restart Not respecting the required distance

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 How To Prevent Interference Presence Awareness of team and player tactics Communication (verbal/visual) Proactive AR’s assistance Pregame (when and how) If AR assists, wait until AR back in position to restart Prevention: How to Prevent Interference One of the most effective tools in dealing with encroachment and delaying the restart is PRESENCE. Although presence can be exhibited in many ways, think about the following (not just in terms of the referee but in terms of the Assistant Referees also): Presence is: Awareness of team and player tactics: Before the game and as the game develops Communication: Verbal and visual communication Be proactive: Speak to the player during the game and communicate your restart requirements. Encourage them to participate ARs assistance: Needs to be clearly established in the pregame (when and how) If used, the referee must wait until the AR is back in position before signaling for the restart

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Cautions and Retakes “If a player decides to take a free kick and an opponent who is less that 10 yards from the ball intercepts it, the referee must allow play to continue.” and “If a player decides to take a free kick quickly and an opponent who is near the ball deliberately prevents him from taking the kick, the referee must caution the player for delaying the restart of play.” Cautions and Retakes Referees are responsible for ensuring that free kicks are taken without encumbrances unless a team decides to take a quick free kick. The following guidelines must be followed as they relate to the taking of a free kick. Note the following new sentences contained in the 2008/2009 version of FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees:” “If a player decides to take a free kick and an opponent who is less that 10 yards from the ball intercepts it, the referee must allow play to continue.” and “If a player decides to take a free kick quickly and an opponent who is near the ball deliberately prevents him from taking the kick, the referee must caution the player for delaying the restart of play.” These sentences are at the heart of the interpretation and directives that follow. 2008/2009 FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees”

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Cautions and Retakes The Key Term “If a player decides to take a free kick and an opponent who is less that 10 yards from the ball intercepts it, the referee must allow play to continue.” and “If a player decides to take a free kick quickly and an opponent who is near the ball deliberately prevents him from taking the kick, the referee must caution the player for delaying the restart of play.” Cautions and Retakes The key phrase here is “deliberately prevents.” This means that the player impedes in a manner that the kicker is unable to take the free kick quickly. If the kick is taken, it has not been prevented from being taken and, in most instances, play must be allowed to continue. KEY: The taking of the free kick is a decision of the attacker and, therefore, the attacker must assume responsibility for the consequences.

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Cautions and Retakes Key Phrase “deliberately prevents” This means that the player impedes in a manner that the kicker is unable to take the free kick quickly. If the kick is taken, it has not been prevented from being taken and play must be allowed to continue. The taking of the free kick is a decision of the attacker and, therefore, the attacker must assume responsibility for the consequences

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Ceremonial Free Kick Player Fails To Respect Distance (10 yards) Wall set – Referee whistles for kick to be taken Kick is taken Yellow Card Required + Retake* Contacts the ball = Ceremonial Free Kick Wall is set Referee whistles for kick to be taken Player fails to respect the distance (within 10 yards) THIS SLIDE COVERS THE FIRST SITUATION (a): Ball strikes the encroaching player from wall: caution and retake CFK: YC/RETAKE 1 Decision: Yellow card for “failure to respect the required distance” to the defender who encroaches to block the free kick. Retake the free kick. Reasoning: The defender made contact with the ball and, consequently, directly and deliberately interfered with the proper taking of the free kick When signaling to the players that there is a CFK, the referee must not hold the whistle above his head. The proper mechanic is to point to the whistle at face height in a manner that is visible to as many players as possible. The referee can also verbalize the need to “wait for the whistle.” The signal used by the referee, in this instance, can be misconstrued as the indirect free kick signal When moving the wall back to the minimum required distance (10 yards) the referee needs to ensure that that distance is respected in all directions around the ball (to the front, side and behind). The referee should not whistle the restart until he is satisfied the players are the minimum required distance from the ball. Once the whistle is blown, #20 moves (from the side) within 10 yards of the ball and the referee correctly whistles to stop the CFK from being taken. The referee verbally/visually warns #20. If #20 encroaches again, after the referee’s whistle to restart play, #20 should be cautioned if the referee stops play to deal with him. The referee takes to long to administer/organize this restart. CFK: YC/Retake 1 * Retake the Kick: Caution

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Ceremonial Free Kick Player Fails To Respect Distance (10 yards) Wall set – Referee whistles for kick to be taken Kick is taken No Contact with the ball Referee judges encroachment did interfere = Yellow Card Required + Retake* No Contact with the ball Referee judges encroachment did not interfere = Continue Play Ceremonial Free Kick Wall is set Referee whistles for kick to be taken Player fails to respect the distance (within 10 yards) THIS SLIDE COVERS THE SECOND TWO SITUATIONS (b, c): Player moves within 10 yards at taking of the kick but no contact with the ball (referee judges encroachment to have interfered with the kick): referee has discretion but the recommended action is a caution and retake Player moves within 10 yards at taking of the kick but no contact with the ball (referee judges encroachment did not interfere with the taking of the kick): continue play * Retake the Kick: Caution (Caused by defending team)

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Ceremonial Free Kick Player Fails To Respect Distance (10 yards) Referee is setting the wall or has set the wall – Player refuses to move the required distance Prior to kick being taken Referee must make every effort to intervene before the kick is taken 1st Time = Warning Ceremonial Free Kick Wall is set Referee whistles for kick to be taken Player fails to respect the distance (within 10 yards) (a) Ball strikes player encroaching from wall: caution and retake (b) Player moves within 10 yards at taking of the kick but no contact with the ball (referee judges encroachment to have interfered with the kick): referee has discretion but the recommended action is a caution and retake Player moves within 10 yards at taking of the kick but no contact with the ball (referee judges encroachment did not interfere with the taking of the kick): continue play ================================== This slide covers this scenario: (d) Player moves within 10 yards prior to the taking of the kick (the referee must use every effort to intervene before allowing the kick to be taken): First time of failing to respect the distance on the free kick: the referee is to issue a warning to the player/team as long as the ball has not been put into play Second time: caution Note: this does not prohibit the referee from cautioning on the first encroachment depending upon situation and the “big picture” of the game 2nd Time = Yellow Card Note: This does not prohibit the referee from cautioning on the first encroachment depending upon situation and the “big picture” of the game

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Ceremonial Free Kick Attacking Team Takes Kick Prior To Whistle Distance asked for and given Referee gives “wait for whistle” signal Attacker takes free kick prior to restart whistle Ball goes out of play directly from free kick = Retake * Ball stays in play Attacking Team Takes Ceremonial Free Kick Prior to Whistle Attackers asked for and were granted 10 yards Referee gives “wait for the whistle” signal Attackers take the free kick prior to the referee’s whistle to restart play The Laws of the Game require the free kick to be retaken regardless of the outcome because it has not met the requirements of a whistle needed to restart the game when a Ceremonial Free Kick has been awarded and the referee is moving or has moved the wall back the appropriate distance. << refer to FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines to Referees,” page 76, where it states a whistle is needed to restart play at a free kick when the wall is moved back.” >> The referee may caution the player taking the free kick early (prior to the whistle) if the referee believes the act was meant to deceive or cheat the game or gain an unfair advantage. If the referee believes that the early restart was merely a mistake/misunderstanding by the player, then the referee may merely award a retake of the free kick without cautioning. Ball goes into goal from free kick * If the referee believes the player intentionally played the ball prior to the whistle to cheat/deceive, then the referee may caution the player

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Quick Free Kick Attacking Team Deliberately Kicks The Ball Into Opponent Defender does not advance/lunge directly toward the ball with the foot/leg to prevent the kick = Continue Play Quick Free Kick – Attacking Team Deliberately Kicks the Ball Into the Opponent Regardless of the position of the defending team, the attacking teams intentionally kicks/plays the ball directly into the opponent who is less than the required minimum distance from the ball – the defender does not advance/lunge directly toward the ball with the foot/leg to prevent the kick: continue with play KEY TERMS: Lunges directly toward Advances directly toward Regardless of the position of the defending team, the attacking team intentionally kicks/plays the ball directly into the opponent who is less than the required minimum distance from the ball

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Quick Free Kick Defending Team Deliberately Prevents The Free Kick From Being Taken Defender deliberately prevents the attacking team from putting the ball into play = Yellow Card Required + Retake QFK: YC 1 Did the defender move directly/lunge toward the ball to prevent? Did the attacker know the location of the defender? Referee should attempt to prevent QFK: YC 2 Quick Free Kick – Deliberately Preventing the Free Kick from Being Taken Defending player, less than the minimum required distance, deliberately prevents the attacking team from putting the ball into play: caution and retake QFK: YC 1 Decision: Caution #15 for delaying the restart. Consider possible caution to #2 for his initial kicking the ball away thereby delaying the restart. Reasoning: First, #2 initiates the problem by toe-poking the ball away. If the referee believes this has delayed the restart and the presence of the referee is not sufficient to deal with the situation, the referee may yellow card #2. This would then prevent the yellow card to #15. If the referee believes that the attacking team has placed the ball in the appropriate spot, the actions of #15 are designed to prevent the quick restart; therefore, he should be cautioned for delaying the restart. #15 delays the restart in 2 ways: (1) withholds the ball from the attacker with his hands; and (2) continually prevents the ball from being put into play by advancing toward it / lunging toward it. The referee must be more proactive and take preventative measures. The referee should see the warning signs and move to the spot of the restart quicker to lend a preventative presence to the situation. QFK: YC 2 Decision: Caution the defender for failure to respect the required distance. Retake the free kick. In this clip, the defender lunges toward the ball and makes contact with it. The defender “deliberately” advances toward the ball in order to prevent the ball from being put into play without encumbrances. If the defender had moved to the side and not toward the ball, the referee could use discretion. But, in this case, the defender clearly moves toward the ball and makes contact with the ball. Proactive measures on the part of the referee are critical when the referee notices that a defender is taking a position near the point of the restart. QFK: Ref Decides 1 Decision: Play on. The referee should allow play to continue. The referee should, however, do preventative work by being more active in attempting to escort the defender back once he notices the defender will take a position immediately in front of the ball. This is the “statue” example noted earlier in the paper. The attacking team deliberately kicked the ball into the opponent. The defender was not given the time to move back. The defender did not move any part of his foot/leg making contact with the ball thereby preventing the QFK. Intercepts after the kick is taken = Referee Discretion Did the attacker have the opportunity to play the ball? Did the attacker know the location of defender? Was the defender’s leg/foot to the side – not directly lunging toward the ball prior to restart? QFK: Ref Decides 1

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 Quick Free Kick Delaying a Restart Defender deliberately: Kicks ball away Carries ball away Tosses ball away Withholds the ball etc….. = Referee Discretion based on the “big picture” Delaying A Restart A player on the defending team deliberately kicks the ball away, carries it away, tosses it away, withholds the ball from the opponent, etc. in order to delay the opponent from taking the free kick The referee may use discretion depending upon the “big picture” (time of the match, the number of similar incidents, the atmosphere of the game, etc.) in handling occurrences of delaying the restart. After considering the “big picture” the referee may decide that a stern word or an official admonishment may suffice with further disciplinary action to follow if similar actions persist. This does not, however, restrict the referee from cautioning a player on the first occurrence. Instances of delaying the restart often result in game disrepute and mass confrontation as they provoke opponents and lead to physical contact. This is especially true when players hold the ball forcing the opponent to grab for it to gain possession. Referees must be cognizant of the potential for game disrepute or mass confrontation and should take preventative measures. Instances of delaying the restart often result in game disrepute and mass confrontation as they provoke opponents and lead to physical contact. Referee should take preventative action.

Free Kick and Restart Management 1/29/2009 HB_001 HB_001 Video Examples Free Kick Example 1 Free Kick Example 2 Free Kick Example 4 Free Kick Example 3 VIDEO EXAMPLES Free Kick Example 1 Decision: The referee should make this a Ceremonial Free Kick (CFK) thereby requiring the whistle to restart. Reasoning: The attacking players turn the QFK into a CFK by their motions of visually asking the referee to move the defenders back. Once there are visual and/or verbal requests for a CFK, the referee must intervene and go to the spot of the foul and formally use the approved mechanics by first showing the “wait for the whistle” signal Note, even the defending players are acknowledging the CFK by motioning to their mouth like they are blowing the whistle. This is a warning sign to the referee that he must have heightened awareness. Free Kick Example 2 Decision: Incorrect signal indicating a CFK. The referee uses a confusing signal to indicate CFK. This signal can be confused with the indirect free kick signal and cause problems. The recommended signal indicating a CFK (“wait for the whistle”) is to hold the whistle face height and point to it long enough so that the message is conveyed to the necessary players. The referee does a good job of going to the spot of the foul to assess the situation. The referee waits for the attackers to request a CFK before he takes official action indicating a CFK and then moving the wall to the proper distance. Free Kick Example 3 Decision: The AR comes on the field to manage the wall but the restart is taken without the AR being in proper position. The referee and AR should have prearranged mechanics/signals indicating the referee can whistle for the restart. Poor communication and cooperation result in an offside goal being allowed. When the AR enters the field to assist with management of the wall, the free kick becomes a CFK The AR and referee should indicate such by using the recommended “wait for the whistle” signal. The referee should not whistle for the restart until the AR is properly positioned for the restart (in proper position to monitor the offside Free Kick Example 4 Decision: The kick should be retaken and a caution issued to the defending player in the wall who jumps up and toward the ball and, therefore, makes contact with the ball in route to the goal. Yellow card is for “failure to respect the required distance.” The player jumps up and toward the ball from the wall The referee must do a better job of getting the entire 10 yards distance from the ball and not signal for the kick to be taken until such time as the distance is observed Once the referee has whistled for play to restart, the player may not leave the wall in order to interfere with the kick. Once contact is made with the ball, the referee must caution the player. The referee must get the entire 10 yards. The referee’s position on the restart is too narrow. He should move to a position in which he can observe the ball, the kicker and all players rushing toward the goal. HB_001 Free Kick Example 3 Free Kick Example 4

1/29/2009 Dissent FIFA’s 2008/2009 “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game and Guidelines for Referees” (Interpretations) provides that: “A player who is guilty of dissent must be cautioned. The captain of a team has no special status or privileges under the Laws of the Game but he has a degree of responsibility for the behavior of his team.” Law 12 provides directly for a player to be sent off if the player is guilty of “using offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures.” Dissent and the use of offensive language are two different things, though they may occur together, and accordingly must be kept separate in deciding what action to take. This presentation presumes that the player is not using offensive language while committing dissent. If offensive language is used, then the referee may send the player off based upon the context in which the language is used. This Directive will cover the following: 1. Why dissent must be dealt with 2. Criteria (what is dissent): Emotional outburst Dissent Offensive, insulting or abusive language/gesture Public, Personal, Provocative The following 2009 Directives will be supported by U.S. Soccer and will be further defined in this presentation: Common sense approach Early recognition, action and messages “Stop sign” Designated player Red card for language/gestures that exceed the boundaries of Personal, Public and Provocative Physical Contact with Officials

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1-29-2009 Verbal Visual
Dissent 1/29/2009 Protesting an Official’s Decision Referee, Assistant Referee, Fourth Official Verbal Visual What is Dissent? The Laws of the Game (Law 12 – Fouls and Misconduct) identifies “dissent by word or action” as one of the seven cautionable offenses. Although each referee must determine how to implement the Law based on the manner in which dissent is exhibited throughout a game and from game to game, the fundamentals of what is dissent and why dissent must be managed do not change. Dissent consists of language (both verbal and nonverbal) which disputes an official’s decision including physical gestures.

Dissent 1/29/2009 Why it must be dealt with Erodes the authority of the referee Reduces the flow of the game Reduces the enjoyment of other participants and spectators Can spread if left unchecked Why officials must deal with dissent: Erodes the authority of the referee Reduces the flow of the game Reduces the enjoyment of other participants and spectators Can spread if left unchecked. It must also be remembered that dissent must be dealt with when it is directed at any game official including the assistant referees or fourth official.

Dissent 1/29/2009 Referees to use criteria to determine if actions are: Emotional Outburst Dissent Offensive, insulting or abusive language/gesture Levels that can be displayed by a player. The referee must determine what action to take based upon the criteria that will be outlined in this presentation. Emotional Outburst: Usually a one time factor. After missing a goal. A brief, quick reaction to an incident. Normally, not directed at an individual.

Dissent 1/29/2009 Is it ? Public Personal Provocative In deciding, among a range of options, which response will be most effective in managing a player who protests against a decision, the following criteria should be taken into account: Public Are the player’s actions public in nature? How widely can the player’s language be heard and/or the gestures be seen? In general, stronger measures are needed as the message is spread wider. Consider the volume of the comments and who can hear the comments (other players, spectators, television, bench personnel). Personal Is the protest aimed at an official or merely a generalized display of frustration without specific blame being placed on the referee? Are the comments a reasonable emotional reaction or are the comments directed at an official? Do gestures and body language make it clear that an official is being blamed? Is the player using the official’s name or personal pronouns (e.g., “you” or “your”) which focus on the official? In general, stronger measures are needed when dissent is personalized. Provocative Are the comments or actions intended to incite further misconduct, make the dissent seem acceptable, or heighten the tension level? Are the comments likely to spark anger among others and potentially provoke further conflict on the field? Consider that racial, religious, ethnic or gender based comments, even if spoken in connection with dissent, must almost certainly be considered offensive language and require that the speaker be sent off. In general, stronger measures are needed when dissents only heightens tension and serves only to provoke others. Overall, are the comments and actions disrespectful to “any referee” – not just to the referee to whom they were addressed? Officials must be aware of actions/comments that undermine the authority of the referee and must take the appropriate action that corresponds to the actions of the player. In short, the player’s actions might be dissent in all cases but the referee must carefully gauge the most effective response in each specific case. Dissent YC 1 Decision: The referee must caution #21 for dissent. The player verbally and visually (through his aggressiveness and gestures) shows strong disapproval of the referee’s decision. Reasoning: The player is persistent in his dissent. He does not have his say and leave. It is recommended that both the referee and the AR utilize the “stop sign” directive mentioned later as a visual for the player to stop. If the player persists, even after having been cautioned, the referee may send the player off for a second yellow card. Dissent YC 1

Dissent 1/29/2009 Forms of Dissent Examples Actions (verbal and visual) that bring the game into disrepute Actions which convey aggressiveness to an official Mass confrontation around official Words, tone, body language, facial expressions which demonstrate a negative, condescending attitude toward an official Forms of Dissent It is not possible to catalog all of the ways in which a player may display verbal or visual dissent but the following are some examples of actions which can be seen as disputing an official’s (referee, assistant referee or fourth official) decision. They therefore require the referee’s consideration and an effective response. The following forms of dissent are examples that can be exhibited toward any member of the referee team (referee, assistant referee or fourth official): MAKE THE STUDENTS BRAINSTORM SOME OF FORMS AND MANNER IN WHICH DISSENT IS EXHIBITED Actions (verbal and visual) that bring the game into disrepute Actions that make the player’s presence the focus of attention by injecting a negative temperament/attitude toward the referee Actions which convey aggressiveness toward the referee Mass confrontation around an official The use of words, tone, body language, facial expressions which demonstrate a negative, condescending attitude toward an official. The manner in which a player approaches the referee should be considered The extended nature and persistence of the player’s actions make the player’s intent even more obvious including persisting in displaying dissent after having been warned (see below – “The Stop Sign”) Waving hands at an official, kicking balls away, charging toward an official, invading an official’s body space, aggressively following an official around, physically moving toward an official, players having to be restrained from moving toward/at an official, players having to physically remove the player from the area around an official Strong and excessively loud comments, directed at an official, that can be heard by other players and spectators Gestures, non-offensive in nature, that are directed at an official and have been observed by spectators that show disgust over a decision or disrespect Ask yourself: “Is this a quick emotional outburst or dissent?” If it is an “outburst,” consider alternative methods of addressing the behavior. If it is dissent, then the referee must caution the player.

Dissent 1/29/2009 Forms of Dissent Examples Extended nature and persistence of player’s action Waving hands, kicking ball away, charging toward an official, player restrained by other players Strong, excessive loud comments Gestures directed toward official that show disgust or disrespect Forms of Dissent (continued….) It is not possible to catalog all the ways in which a player may display verbal or visual dissent but the following are some examples of actions which can be seen as disputing an official’s (referee, assistant referee or fourth official) decision. They therefore require the referee’s consideration and an effective response. The following forms of dissent are examples that can be exhibited toward any member of the referee team (referee, assistant referee or fourth official): Actions (verbal and visual) that bring the game into disrepute Actions that make the player’s presence the focus of attention by injecting a negative temperament/attitude toward the referee Actions which convey aggressiveness toward the referee Mass confrontation around an official The use of words, tone, body language, facial expressions which demonstrate a negative, condescending attitude toward an official. The manner in which a player approaches the referee should be considered The extended nature and persistence of the player’s actions make the player’s intent even more obvious including persisting in displaying dissent after having been warned (see below – “The Stop Sign”) Waving hands at an official, kicking balls away, charging toward an official, invading an official’s body space, aggressively following an official around, physically moving toward an official, players having to be restrained from moving toward/at an official, players having to physically remove the player from the area around an official Strong and excessively loud comments, directed at an official, that can be heard by other players and spectators Gestures, non-offensive in nature, that are directed at an official and have been observed by spectators that show disgust over a decision or disrespect Ask yourself: “Is this a quick emotional outburst or dissent?” If it is an “outburst,” consider alternative methods of addressing the behavior. If it is dissent, then the referee must caution the player.

Dissent 1/29/2009 Ask yourself: “Is this a quick emotional outburst or dissent?” If it is an “outburst,” consider alternative methods of addressing the behavior. If it is dissent, then the referee must caution the player. Ask yourself: “Is this a quick emotional outburst or dissent?” If it is an “outburst,” consider alternative methods of addressing the behavior. If it is dissent, then the referee must caution the player.

Dissent 1/29/2009 2009 Instructions to Referees Common Sense Approach Caution or other method The referee’s response to dissent must be consistent with the potential impact of the dissent Early Recognition, Action and Messages 2009 Instructions to Referees: Taking Action Common Sense Approach Referees must utilize common sense when deciding to caution players for dissent. The referee must make a determination given the game and the manner in which the dissent is delivered whether a yellow card is warranted or whether another method (like a severe verbal reprimand) of managing the situation will deliver positive results. The referee’s response to dissent must be consistent with the potential impact of the dissent. Just as dissent can range from minor to moderate to serious based on the public, personal, and provocative guidelines discussed above, the response can range from ignoring a momentary emotional outburst (not directed at an official and not overly public), to talking to or warning the player, to engaging in public admonishment of the player, up to the actual cautioning of the player for dissent. Early Action and Messages First and foremost, referees need to attempt to put a stop to dissent early in the match by positively addressing situations where dissent may arise or before a situation deteriorates where dissention is prevalent. Early recognition and early attempts to address protesting players will send a message that will hopefully resonate throughout the remainder of the game. Issuing yellow cards for dissent early in the match is not necessarily the answer as these early, unnecessary cards may handcuff the referee later. However, early action by the referee to impart presence and personality thereby communicating his tolerance level and dissatisfaction to the protesting player and other game participants can be very effective in “drawing the line” and setting the tone for allowable future player actions. Although team captains are not exempt from Law 12’s restriction on dissent, allowing a team captain (or similar team leader like the “Designated Player” described below) to respectfully present a contrary opinion may serve as a useful outlet (keeping in mind the “public, personal, and provocative” guidelines). Such messages may provide useful “early warnings” for the referee to consider and may serve to keep a lid on further dissent by demonstrating the referee’s willingness to listen to player concerns. Referees should attempt to send early messages regarding dissention and not ignore players and team personnel who protest. The objective is to do the least necessary to achieve the desired result. If the response is not successful, the firmness of the referee’s action must be escalated but there is no requirement to follow any specific steps. Remember, however, referees are not required to initially warn players prior to cautioning for dissent if the player’s actions are not manageable or if they immediately and blatantly bring the referee’s authority into question.

Dissent 1/29/2009 2009 Instructions to Referees “Stop Sign” Visual warning signal Further dissent may be cautioned Line “drawn in the sand” Can be used by all officials Designated Player (for use in MLS) Team spokesperson Opportunity to address the referee Responsible and professional All others must remain at a distance Use to defuse situations 2009 Instructions to Referees: Taking Action (continued) The “Stop Sign” Beginning in 2009, officials (referees, assistant referees and fourth officials) are encouraged to use the “stop sign” (arm extended out and palm facing the player) to indicate to a player that any further dissent (verbally or visually) will be cautioned. This is an immediate visual warning to be issued by the referee that can be seen by the players, team personnel, spectators, and press. The “stop sign” should be used by the referee to signify that the referee has “drawn the line in the sand” and further dissent by the player(s) will result in a caution being issued. Additionally, the “stop sign” is a signal intended to dissuade a player from approaching or making a run toward an official. Upon delivery of the “stop sign,” players should immediately cease their negative actions and/or protesting or be cautioned. Note: The use of the “stop sign” does not preclude the referee from immediately cautioning a player (before the sign is used) depending upon the severity of the infringement or protest. The “Designated Player” Teams will be permitted to have a “designated player” who may be given the opportunity to talk to the referee in a responsible and professional manner. During the conversation with the “designated player,” all other players must remain at a distance or be dealt with according to the Laws of the Game. If the “designated player’s” actions are not professional and deemed to be dissent by the referee, the “designated player” will be cautioned. The referee may use the “designated player” to assist in defusing situations. If the “designated player” is not the team captain he/she shall be indicated on the official line-up must specify (using “DP”) who the “designated player” is. Designating a player other than the captain means the captain shall be treated as any other field player in terms of their rights to address the referee

Dissent 1/29/2009 2009 Instructions to Referees Offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures Red card MUST be issued if it exceeds the boundaries of the “Personal, Public and Provocative” standards Offensive/Abusive Language 1 2009 Instructions to Referees: Taking Action (continued) Offensive, Insulting or Abusive Language and/or Gestures Any player who uses offensive, insulting or abusive language and/or gestures must be red carded if the player’s actions exceed the boundaries of the “Personal, Public and Provocative” standards. Physical Contact with an Official Any player who makes deliberate physical contact with an official in order to dispute a decision, must be sent off for violent conduct. The referee should not tolerate physical contact by a player (including a substitute, substituted player, or any other person under the authority of the referee) which: Involves force or aggression (grabbing, pushing, slapping, bumping, stepping on feet, and so forth) The official has sought to avoid by moving away and by making a gesture which clearly indicates any further approach is unwelcome (continued pursuit by a player, if performed in a threatening manner, is included here even if physical contact does not result) Is initiated from an unexpected direction and unaccompanied by any warning Is delivered in a context which clearly includes disapproval, lack of friendliness, or anger Restrains or prevents an official from withdrawing from the contact (e.g., by blocking retreat or holding) Offensive/Abusive Language 1 Decision: A red card for offensive, insulting or abusive language should be issued. Reasoning: The player’s actions meet the PERSONAL, PUBLIC and PROVOCATIVE criteria. It is directed toward the referee. Look at the player’s gestures, body language, tone of voice. The fact that a close decision has been made against the player does not permit him to exceed the boundaries of PERSONAL, PUBLIC and PROVOCATIVE to the extent he does. The player’s actions are much more than an emotional outburst. Dissent + Physical Contact Decision: The referee must choose the appropriate player(s) to caution for dissent. In addition, the referee must red card one of the players for making physical contact with him. Unfortunately, the referee contributes to the confrontation by running to the penalty spot and into a group of angry players. The referee is not needed at the penalty spot and should have “felt” the situation (time, score) and immediately moved to a neutral position thereby creating distance between him and the other players. Several players make unnecessary and deliberate physical contact with the referee. This contact comes in the form of changing the referee’s direction, pulling on his shirt, pulling his arm. The referee must choose one of the players making contact with him and send the player off. Physical Contact With Officials Deliberate contact to dispute a decision MUST be red carded for violent conduct Dissent + Physical Contact

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Over the years, there have been several key criteria used in determining whether contact between a player’s hand/arm and the ball constitutes a foul for handling, for example, Hand/arm to ball and reaction time/distance. Despite the existence of the criteria, handling continues to be applied inconsistently. This presentation will provide criteria and video examples thereby ensuring consistency in interpretation and application. Additional criteria has been added for consideration by officials in determining if contact by the ball with the hand/arm is, in fact, a handling offense. There are now 5 Criteria to assist officials: Making yourself bigger Unnatural position Player benefits Reaction time / distance Hand/arm to ball

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Criteria To Evaluate 1. Hand / arm to ball 2. Reaction time 3. Making yourself bigger 4. Is the arm or hand in an “unnatural position?” The 5 Criteria to be used to determine handling offenses: Items (1) hand/arm to ball and (2) Reaction time have been the standards for determining handling offenses for years. To supplement these two criteria, three additional considerations for the referee have been added: 1. Making yourself bigger Is the arm or hand in an “unnatural position?” Did the player benefit? 5. Did the player benefit?

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Hand/Arm To Ball Initiates contact Readjust body to block ball causing the ball to play his hand/arm Criteria 1: Hand / arm to ball Referees must be ready to judge whether the player moved his arm to the ball thereby initiating the contact. Additionally, the referee should evaluate whether the defender deliberately readjusted his body forward to block the ball causing the ball to play his hand/arm.

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Reaction Time Did the player have time to react? The less time a defender has to react, the less likely there has been a handling offense Distance plays a factor Criteria 2: Reaction Time The less time a defender has to react, the less likely there has been a handling offense. For example, a ball struck from a close distance, or a very fast moving ball, or a ball coming in from a direction which is outside the defender’s view gives little or no time for the defender’s reaction to be “deliberate.” The referee must take into consideration whether the defender’s reaction is purely instinctive, taken to protect sensitive areas of the body as the face. Keys are reaction time and distance.

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Making Yourself Bigger Takes away space and passing lanes? Uses the hand/arm as a barrier? Uses the hand/arm to occupy more space by extending his reach? Criteria 3: Making yourself bigger This is the “biggest” difference in approach and added criteria as the placement of a defending player’s arm's), prior to the ball being kicked, should be determined as a “deliberate” act on the part of the defender if the referee feels the action reduced the options, passing lanes and space of the attacker with the ball. This refers to the placement of the arm(s)/hand(s) of the defending player at the time the ball is played by the opponent. Should an arm/hand be in a position that takes away space from the team with the ball and the ball contacts the arm/hand, the referee should interpret this contact as handling. Referees should interpret this action as the defender “deliberately” putting his arm/hand in a position in order to reduce the options of the opponent (like spreading your arms wide to take away the passing lane of an attacker). Referees can ask themselves questions like: Does the defender use his hand/arm as a barrier? Does the defender use his hand/arm to take away space and/or the passing lane from the opponent? Does the defender use his hand/arm to occupy more space by extending his reach or extending the ability of his body to play the ball thereby benefiting from the extension(s)? Think: Making the Body Bigger

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Making Yourself Bigger Examples Handball Bigger 1 Handball Bigger 2 Making Yourself Bigger Video Examples Handball Bigger 1 Decision: Handling to be restarted with a penalty kick Reasoning: The defender “made himself bigger” by extending his arm from his body when tackling for the ball – extending the arm reduces chances of the ball being played past the defender The extended arm “takes away space and the passing lane” from the attacker By having his arm extended so far from his body, he deliberately handles the ball, thus gaining a tactical advantage Handball Bigger 2 In this case, the defender “made himself bigger” The extended arm “takes away space and the passing lane” from the attacker. Note the height of the extended arm/hand.. Handball Bigger 3 The defender deliberately “made himself bigger” Note the position and defender’s hand moving toward the ball. The extended arm “takes away space and the passing lane” from the attacker Handball Bigger 3 Think: Making the Body Bigger

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball “Unnatural Position?” Is arm or hand in a position that is not normal or natural for a player performing the task at hand? Criteria 4: Unnatural Position Is the arm or hand in an “unnatural position?” Is the arm or hand in a position that is not normal or natural for a player performing the task at hand? A determination of whether the arm/hand really needs to be in the position or as extended out into the position as it was.

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball “Unnatural Position?” Examples Handball Unnatural Position 1 Handball Unnatural Position 2 Is the arm or hand in an “unnatural position?” Is the arm or hand in a position that is not normal or natural for a player performing the task at hand? Handball Unnatural Position 1 Decision: Handling to be restarted with a penalty kick Reasoning: The defender has “made himself bigger” by extending his arm out in front of him The defender puts his arm in an “unnatural position” – the arm is extended out, parallel to the ground and not at his side The defender has sufficient time to make the appropriate adjustment to not utilize his arm as the ball is serviced and approaches him Handball Unnatural Position 2 Decision: Handling to be restarted with direct free kick (Note: the AR can provide assistance in making this determination/call) By extending his arm in front of his body, the attacker “makes himself bigger” The defender puts his arm in an “unnatural position” – in front of his body and not in a natural running position As a result of his handling the ball, the attacker “gains an unfair advantage” Handball Unnatural Position 3 Handball Unnatural Position 3

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball The Player Benefits Result of player’s action Defender Attacker Criteria 5: Did the Player Benefit? In considering all the “signs” described above, the referee should also consider the result of the player’s (usually a defender) action by asking himself: Did the defender’s action (handling of the ball) deny an opportunity (for example, a pass or shot on goal) that would have otherwise been available to the opponent? Did the offending player gain an unfair tactical advantage from contact with the hand/arm which enabled him to retain possession? In other words: Did the player benefit by putting his hand/arm in an “unnatural position?” The referee needs to be able to quickly calculate the result of the player’s action to determine whether an offence has been committed.

1/29/2009 Handling the Ball Summary The 5 Criteria Hand / arm to ball Reaction Time Making yourself bigger Is the arm or hand in an “unnatural position?” Did the player benefit? The 5 Criteria for determining a handling offense Is the arm or hand in an “unnatural position?” Did the player benefit? Reaction time Hand / arm to ball

1/29/2009 Injury Management There has been much inconsistency in the managing and handling of injured players over the past several years. This presentation will provide guidance which should easily be implemented by officials. The main change is merely a change in focus: The referee must be more diligent in indentifying “seriously injured” players. Additionally, at the professional level (MLS in particular), the stretcher will now enter the field concurrently with the medical staff. The focus of this presentation is: 1. Identifying “Seriously Injured” Players 2. Procedure for dealing with injured players Stretcher Medical staff Treatment Removal Return to the field

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Indentifying “Seriously Injured” Players Law 5, the Referee: “Stops the match, if in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensures that he is removed from the field of play. An injured player may only return to the field of play after the match has restarted.” Law 5 – The Referee, contains the following Power and Duty of the referee as it relates to the management of injured: “Stops the match, if in his opinion, a player is seriously injured and ensures that he is removed from the field of play. An injured player may only return to the field of play after the match has restarted.” The key term is “seriously injured.” << Have a BRAINSTORMING session with the students to define “seriously injured.” >>

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Multiple factors: The location of the injury Head, neck, facial region should be considered serious in nature Lower extremities are often less serious (cramps are generally not serious) Age of players Immediate reaction of the player The referee has the initial responsibility to determine whether a player is “seriously injured.” This determination can be influenced by multiple factors like: The location of the injury on the player Injuries to the head, neck, or facial region should be considered serious in nature Injuries to the lower extremities are often less serious and do not require immediate attention. Cramps are generally not considered a serious injury Age of players The age of the players involved. Younger aged players require more immediate attention Immediate reaction of the player Only when the referee has determined that the player is “seriously injured,” should the referee stop play regardless of whether the ball is in play or not. Only when the referee has determined that the player is “seriously injured,” should the referee stop play regardless of whether the ball is in play or not

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Procedure For Dealing With Injured Players Referee makes assessment Only stops play for serious injury Referee questions injured player(s) at stoppage Does the player require medical attention? Referee signals for medical personnel to enter field (no more than two) Procedure For Dealing With Injured Players Referees should consider the following steps with handling player injuries: 1. Referee makes assessment: During play, referee makes a quick assessment of whether the player is “seriously injured” 2. Only stops play for serious injury: Referee only stops play for serious injury. Otherwise, the referee waits until the ball is out of play to address the injured player 3. Referee questions injured player(s) at stoppage: Once play has been stopped, the referee should question the individual player to see if the player requires assistance from medical staff. 4. Referee signals for medical personnel to enter field: If the player requires attention, the referee should authorize no more than two medical staff to enter the field to attend to the player - At the professional level, team administrators (coaches, etc.) are not allowed to enter the field, only medical personnel. Medical personnel are to be held to the same standards of responsible behavior while on the field as they are held to while in the technical area - At the youth level, no more than two individuals (non-players) may enter the field to care to the injured player. However, while on the field (during the assessment of the extent of the player’s injury), these individuals are not permitted to dissent nor should they be permitted to coach the other players. The same standard of responsible behavior is required of the individuals while on the field as they are held to while in the technical area

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Procedure For Dealing With Injured Players Stretcher enters the field Concurrent with entry of medical staff Medical staff assess injury and arranges for safe and swift removal of player No treatment on the field Unless serious injury (e.g.: head/neck, broken leg) Once medical staff are beckoned/authorized onto the field, the player must leave the field Procedure For Dealing With Injured Players (continued….) Referees should consider the following steps with handling player injuries: 5. Stretcher enters the field: Concurrent with the entry and signal for the medical staff, the stretcher should also enter the field thereby facilitating the quick removal of the player - In games without a stretcher, the personnel assisting with the care of the injured player are responsible for the safe mode of transport of the player from the field - Players are not required to use the stretcher to leave the field. They may exit by foot 6. Medical staff assesses injury and arranges for safe and swift removal of player: The medical staff shall assess and arrange for the player’s safe and swift removal from the field - Players are not allowed to receive treatment on the field of play - In games without medical personnel or stretchers, the attending personnel shall assume the medical staff responsibilities 7. No treatment on the field is permitted - Unless serious injury (e.g.: head/neck, concussion, swallowed tongue, broken leg, etc.) - Once the medical staff or attending personnel are beckoned/authorized onto the field by the referee, the injured player is required to swiftly leave the field of play either on the stretcher or on foot. Failure to leave the field will result in the player being cautioned for unsporting behavior

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Returning To The Field Once play has restarted Ball in play – Touchline Ball out of play – Any boundary line Signal from the referee AR and 4th may verify “readiness” of the player to reenter the field Ensures injured player meets requirements of Law AR/4th signals referee player is ready – referee authorizes reentry Returning to the field: Once the injured player has left the field, the injured player may only return under the following circumstances: Once play has been restarted Ball in play: reentry must be from the touch line Ball out of play (dead ball situation): reenter from any of the boundary lines 2. After having received a signal from the referee to reenter the field The referee must “wave on” the injured play prior to the player returning 3. AR and 4th official may verify “readiness” of the player to reenter the field The referee may allow the assistant referee or fourth official to verify the player’s “readiness” to reenter the field but the player may only reenter once the signal from the referee is given Verifying the “readiness” relates to the assistant referee or fourth official ensuring the injured player meets all the requirements of the Law prior to reentry. For example, the injured player has had all blood removed from his uniform After having received a signal from the assistant referee or fourth official, the referee may authorize the injured player to return to the field of play and the referee does not have to verify the player’s “readiness” as this has been done by one of the other officials

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Team Responsibility Each team determines whether to continue play Team with injured player Continues to play: they assume responsibility if they lose the ball Opposing team injured player Not required to play ball out “Fair Play” Team Responsibilities Relating to Injured Players During play: Since the referee will only stop play for “serious injuries,” it is the responsibility of each team to determine whether to continue to play or to play the ball out of play. A team with an injured player who continues playing assumes the responsibility in the event they lose possession of the ball. Similarly, a team is not required to play the ball out of play when an opposing player has been injured (a non-serious injury). It is hoped that “fair play” will prevail. Since teams are not required to play the ball out, it is critical that referees identify “serious injuries” and stop play immediately for such situations.

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Referee Stops Play (Ball Is In Play) Restart Dropped Ball Location: According to Law Teams encouraged to utilize “Fair Play” when returning the ball Referee not responsible nor legislates manner in which ball returns into play Referee Stops Play While Ball Is In Play In the event the referee stops play due to a serious injury (the ball was in play), the referee must restart play with a dropped ball from the position of the ball when play was stopped (Exception: If play is stopped when the ball is in the goal area, then the restart is a dropped ball on the goal area line parallel to the goal line at the point nearest to where the ball was located when play was stopped). Teams are encouraged to use “fair play” when returning the ball into play. However, the referee cannot be responsible for nor legislate the manner in which a team returns the ball into play.

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Goalkeeper Injury Exceptions: Only the goalkeeper injured Treatment permitted on field Not required to leave the field Goalkeeper and field player(s) If the goalkeeper is treated, then no player is required to leave Goalkeeper Injury In cases involving an injured goalkeeper, the following exceptions are to be made: Only the goalkeeper is injured: - Treatment is permitted on the field - The goalkeeper is not required to leave the field of play after treatment A goalkeeper and a field player(s) on either team are injured simultaneously: - In the event a goalkeeper is treated at the same time as a field player, no player is required to leave the field of play

Injury Management 1/29/2009 Video Examples Allow Play To Continue Stop Play Non-Serious Injury 1 Serious Injury 3 Non-Serious Injury 2 Video Examples ALLOW PLAY TO CONTINUE Non-Serious Injury 1 Decision: Play should be allowed to continue and the goal should stand. Reasoning: The injury is not serious: it is to the player’s leg. The referee must be able to ascertain this and once he has determined the injury to be non-serious, the referee should allow play to continue. The injured player’s team had clear possession of the ball and had the opportunity to play the ball out of bounds but chose not to. The team who gets the ball from the injured player’s team is not required to play the ball out. This clip also shows good application of flow on the part of the referee as there were some trifling challenges near the half line that the referee did not call. Non-Serious Injury 2 Decision: Two players go down. If the referee determines a foul did not occur, then play should proceed as both players have non-serious injuries (leg injuries that do not require immediate medical attention). The teams have the responsibility to determine whether they should put the ball out of play or continue. STOP PLAY Serious Injury 1 Decision: The referee should stop play immediately. There is a serious head injury. Based upon the type of injury (head), the referee should not hesitate to stop the game Two players challenged for the ball with their heads – a sign that the injury is of a serious nature. The referee can look at the reaction of the players around the challenge and they may send a warning sign of the seriousness of the contact. Play should be restarted with a dropped ball since the ball was in play at the time the referee stopped play.

Allowance For Time Lost
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Allowance For Time Lost Clarification and reemphasis on Allowance for Lost time needs to be done as referees have many different interpretations as to how much to add and when to add. This section will focus on the following: “Excessive Delays” Referee Discretion Time Wasting Communicating the Amount of Additional Time

Allowance For Time Lost 1/29/2009 “Only When Delays are Excessive” Substitutions No Specified Time Assessment of Injury By Medical Staff Transportation of an injured player Time Wasting Any other cause (Law 7) Excessive goal celebration Invasion of the field Other examples may include: Excessive Goal celebration Invasion of the field Removal of debris Safety of players Specific Amount Added Discretion of the Referee

Allowance For Time Lost 1/29/2009 Time Wasting Recommended Action Early stages of delay Blatant and obvious delay = Excessive delay Warning (Verbal or visual) Discretionary Warning or Yellow Card Referees must be cognizant of players/teams delaying the game. However, they must also be aware of the “big picture:” the time in the game, the score, etc. In the early stages of the game, referees should encourage teams to play the ball and encourage them to return the ball to play quickly. In the early stages, referees should work to send warnings – both visually and verbally – to players/teams that he is aware of their tactics. An early caution for delay is often wasted. As the game progresses, it is hoped that the early intervention by the referee will prevent more blatant and obvious delay. If this fails, the referee should take immediate, firm action. REMEMBER: think preventative, curative effort on the part of the referee. Yellow Card Specific Amount Added Discretion of the Referee

Allowance For Time Lost 1/29/2009 Communicating The Amount of Time Remember, the amount of time displayed is the MINIMUM amount If the referee indicates 2 minutes of additional time, then 2 minutes must be played Additional time may be added extending the time beyond 2 minutes based upon occurrences on the field All reasonable efforts should be used to communicate to the coaches if a significant amount of additional time will be played over that originally indicated Referees indicate the MINIMUM amount of additional time they will play at the end of each half and this is what is announced to the public at the professional level. Fourth officials should only indicate/display or advise the coaches of the additional time at the expiration of the half. For example at 45:00 or 90:00 (not at 44:30). If the referee extends the additional time allotted significantly beyond what was originally indicated and a situation arises that permits the referee to inform the coaches of approximately how much more time is to be played, the referee should make every effort to do so. For example: during the additional time, a player is injured that requires the medical staff to enter the field. The time to transport the player from the field takes 1 minute. The referee should attempt to advise the coaches of the fact that the additional time will be extended for 1 minute.

Managing The Technical Area
2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Managing The Technical Area Managing the Technical Area was stressed during the 2008 season. Progress has been made but continued emphasis must be stressed. The objective of the presentation will be: The managing techniques within the Technical Area by the referee, assistant referee and fourth official Going forward, it is hoped that referees will take a more proactive role in addressing issues in the technical area and not leave the sole responsibility on the shoulders of the fourth official or AR1. Several important points will be examined: 1. Irresponsible behavior within the technical area 2. Techniques to manage the technical area Referee Assistant Referee Fourth Official 3. Ask, Tell, Remove 4. What you can/can’t say 5. Why officials don’t take action

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Important to overall presentation of the game Emphasized over the past few seasons Must get better Why is MANAGING THE TECHNICAL AREA IMPORTANT? Overall, irresponsible or poor behavior reflects bad on the presentation of the game. In order for the message to get across, behavior in the technical area is usually loud and demonstrative thereby it can be seen and heard by the spectators and television cameras. This has been a point of emphasis over the past several years but efforts must be made to continue to make a positive impact in this area.

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Failure to conduct themselves in a responsible manner Coaches Team personnel Substitutes Substituted players Includes anyone in the technical area: Coaches Team personnel Substitutes Substituted players REMEMBER: Only substitutes and substituted players may be shown the red or yellow card while in the technical area. Coaches and team personnel are merely dismissed for “irresponsible behavior” Ask, Tell, Remove

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Failure to conduct themselves in a responsible manner Kicking/hitting the benches, signboards or other items Leaving the technical area without permission Throwing/kicking items on the field Using abusive, insulting or offensive language or gestures Inflammatory and/or aggressive behavior Interfering with the AR or 4th official in performance of their duties HAVE THE STUDENTS BRAINSTORM EXAMPLES OF “failing to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.”

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Techniques - Referee Pre-game Listen / heightened awareness Eye Contact Body and hand motions Proximity - Presence lends conviction Acknowledge the coach “Flyby” Take ownership Empower the Fourth Official and Assistant Referee Techniques by Position The following are techniques individuals on the officiating team can use to positively manage personnel in the technical area. Not only consider the actions of those in the technical area but also use the “public, personal, and provocative” nature of comments prior to dismissal. Remember, all officials should be approachable before, during, and after the game where appropriate. Be firm, fair, and calm. Referee Pre-game: Cover bench management thoroughly in the pre-game Listen: Listen for comments from the bench area so that you don’t put all the burden on the fourth official Eye contact: Eye contact with personnel (“the look”) Body and hand motions Proximity: Position yourself in close proximity to the bench: presence lends conviction Acknowledge the coach: “I hear you” or gesture to him Flyby: Use the “flyby” approach: run by the bench or position yourself by the bench on a restart so the coach can vent Take ownership: Take ownership of the issues (don’t leave it on the shoulders of the fourth official): on a stoppage in play, communicate with the coach as the situation escalates. State your expectations and hold the coach responsible Empower: Empower the fourth official and AR1. Make them feel supported

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL 1/29/2009 Techniques – Assistant Referee Maintain concentration Communicate with bench personnel Communicate with fourth official Support fourth official Feel the “point of no return” Acknowledgement Techniques by Position The following are techniques individuals on the officiating team can use to positively manage personnel in the technical area. Not only consider the actions of those in the technical area but also use the “public, personal, and provocative” nature of comments prior to dismissal. Remember, all officials should be approachable before, during, and after the game where appropriate. Be firm, fair, and calm. Assistant Referee Maintain concentration: Maintain concentration on the field. Do not get caught up conversing with bench personnel Communicate with bench personnel: AR can communicate with bench personnel in the same manner the fourth official does; however, prolonged interaction distracts from the primary role and focus and, as such, the communication must be distinct and to the point Communicate with the fourth official: Use loud communication to the fourth official in front of the bench so the teams know you are participating in the process Support the fourth official: Know the experience level of the fourth official. Ensure that you are able to read the situation and know when the fourth official has reached the point of no return Feel the “point of no return:” Feel the situation and read when the fourth official has reached the point of no return Acknowledgment

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Techniques – Fourth Official Introduce yourself, before the game Space for coach to vent Sounding board without coach crossing the line Find Peacemaker on the bench Positive presence Equal time Develop a plan Confirm with AR1 Ask, Tell, Remove Techniques by Position The following are techniques individuals on the officiating team can use to positively manage personnel in the technical area. Not only consider the actions of those in the technical area but also use the “public, personal, and provocative” nature of comments prior to dismissal. Remember, all officials should be approachable before, during, and after the game where appropriate. Be firm, fair, and calm. Fourth Official Introduce yourself: Break the ice by introducing yourself to the coaches prior to the game. Greet the coaching staff during warm-ups, etc. Space for coach to vent: Provide enough space for the coach to “vent” without crossing the line Sounding board without coach crossing the line: Be a “sounding board” for the coach but not a verbal “punching bag” Find the peacemaker on the bench: Find the peacemaker on the bench to help Positive presence: Impose a positive presence (near technical area personnel) when needed. Don’t follow and shadow them – let them coach. Calming presence is needed Equal time: Create the perception you are giving equal time to both technical areas/coaches Develop a plan: As the game progresses and situations within the game transpire, develop a mental plan to handle the technical areas without overreacting Confirmation from the AR: If the situations permits, prior to having bench personnel dismissed, consider consulting with AR1. This way, it is a two-way decision and you will feel more comfortable you are doing the right thing for the game Ask, Tell, Remove: Use the ASK, TELL, REMOVE procedure but do not hesitate to invoke the “remove” stage if the situation requires it Other ideas (NOT LISTED) include: Use a well-placed smile Identify the person who will be dismissed Presence means de-escalation. Consider the “public, personal, and provocative”

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Ask, Tell, Remove ASK Request to stop TELL Insist to stop REMOVE Dismissal required Ask, Tell, Remove Process The following process is recommended for all officials to follow relative to conduct within the technical area. REMEMBER: officials may go immediately to the “Remove” stage if the conduct so requires. Ask If a situation arises where there is irresponsible behavior, you are to ASK the person(s) to stop. Tell If there is another occurrence where there is irresponsible behavior, you are to inform that person that the behavior is not permissible and TELL them (insist) to stop. Remove If the non-accepted actions continue, you must REMOVE that person immediately. These are the recommended steps from U.S. Soccer and the CSA but they are not necessary if the behavior and conduct of personnel within the technical area requires immediate dismissal. Remember, where circumstances permit, use a “gentle escalate” approach so that referee team responses match the nature of the bench behavior. Try to use the least intrusive response that will solve the problem. Consider thinking about irresponsible behavior like a referee thinks about persistent infringement. Use all skills to prevent the situation from escalating. However, the referee MUST take action once the behavior crosses the line. Steps not necessary if the behavior and conduct of personnel within the technical area requires immediate dismissal

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 What You Can Say “I hear you” or “I understand you, coach” “Coach, talk to me” “Coach, I will listen to you but not the rest of the bench” “I will pass along the message” “I will talk to the ref/AR” “We will talk about it at half time” “Talk to me rather than shouting” “I know how important this game is to you, it is just as important to us” “Coach, I understand you are upset but you need to calm down” “I can see you don’t agree with the call, but PLEASE – settle down” “Please stop being so visual. Talk to me but don’t wave your hands” “The ref’s got it, give him a chance” What an official CAN say to bench personnel: Phrases you can say to bench personnel in a polite, respectful, and concise fashion. Comments should be short, to the point, said in a way that will not provoke a negative response: “I hear you” or “I understand you, coach” “Coach, talk to me” “Coach, I will listen to you but not the rest of the bench” “I will pass along the message” “I will talk to the ref/AR” “We will talk about it at half time” “Talk to me rather than shouting” “I know how important this game is to you, it is just as important to us” “Coach, I understand you are upset but you need to calm down” “I can see you don’t agree with the call, but PLEASE – settle down” “Please stop being so visual. Talk to me but don’t wave your hands” “The ref got it, give him a chance” “Where are you going” “Don’t do it” “The ref was there” “This is a game of angles; we have a different angle than the referee” “If I have to call the referee over, you will be dismissed” “Coach, please talk to your assistant, he is getting close my having to take official action” Remind the coach of proper bench decorum

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 What You Can Say (continued ) “Where are you going?” “Don’t do it” “The ref was there” “This is a game of angles; we have a different angle than the referee” “If I have to call the referee over, you will be dismissed” “Coach, please talk to your assistant, he is getting close to my having to take official action” Remind the coach of proper bench decorum What an official CAN say to bench personnel (continued….): Phrases you can say to bench personnel in a polite, respectful, and concise fashion. Comments should be short, to the point, said in a way that will not provoke a negative response: “I hear you” or “I understand you, coach” “Coach, talk to me” “Coach, I will listen to you but not the rest of the bench” “I will pass along the message” “I will talk to the ref/AR” “We will talk about it at half time” “Talk to me rather than shouting” “I know how important this game is to you, it is just as important to us” “Coach, I understand you are upset but you need to calm down” “I can see you don’t agree with the call, but PLEASE – settle down” “Please stop being so visual. Talk to me but don’t wave your hands” “The ref got it, give him a chance” “Where are you going” “Don’t do it” “The ref was there” “This is a game of angles; we have a different angle than the referee” “If I have to call the referee over, you will be dismissed” “Coach, please talk to your assistant, he is getting close my having to take official action” Remind the coach of position papers and memos outlining bench decorum

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 What You Can’t Say Avoid open ended phrases that conjure up debate or “add fuel to the fire” Curse, use abusive or insulting language Criticize the members of the referee team Attack or criticize the coach or his team Say what you would have done in that situation Make physical contact with bench personnel Issue threats unless you are ready to enter the “Remove” phase Use phrases that invite further debate or negative discussion Officials should avoid using open ended phrases that will result in DEBATE or “ADD FUEL TO THE FIRE” What You Can’t Say Officials should avoid any open ended phrases that conjure up debate or that “add fuel to the fire” by inviting further heated conversation Fourth officials cannot: Curse, use abusive or insulting language: “Coach, shut up and sit down” Criticize the members of the referee team: “I agree – he’s having a bad day” Attack or criticize the coach or his team Say what you would have done in that situation Make physical contact with bench personnel Issue threats unless you are ready to enter the “Remove” phase and you are ready to follow-through Use phrases that invite further debate or negative discussion

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Reasons We Don’t Take Action Feel assignments will be impacted negatively They will not be Want to be “friends” with bench personnel Lack of confidence to deal with any altercation Don’t want confrontation Intimidated by coaches Will see the coach again The referee may have made a bad decision Other officials don’t want to negatively impact the referee’s game Reasons Why We (officials) Don’t Take Action Want to be friend: Want to be “friends” with bench personnel Lack of confidence to deal with any altercation: Afraid to address or lack of confidence to deal with any altercation Don’t want confrontation Don’t want to be “bad guys” Intimidated by coaches Feel assignments will be impacted negatively Will see the coach again The referee may have made a bad decision: However, the referee’s decision, right or wrong, should not impact other official’s decision to deal with the technical areas Other officials don’t want to negatively impact the referee’s game: Feel it is the referee’s game and other officials don’t want to negatively impact the referee’s game

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Actions That “Cross The Line” Leaving technical area to dispute/dissent a call Throwing/kicking anything while disputing a call Kicking/hitting advertising boards or bench in dispute of a call Directed abusive, insulting or offensive language and/or gestures Inflammatory and/or aggressive behavior with the opposition Interfering with the restart of play and field players Making unwanted and/or aggressive contact with opposing players Interfering with the AR or fourth official in the performance of their duties Actions That “Cross the Line” The following is a list of actions that require the referee to “dismiss” the appropriate person from the technical area. Non-playing personnel (everyone except players, substitutes or substituted players) are not shown the red or yellow card. Instead, the referee identifies the individual and then advises that they are now to leave the Technical Area. Dismissal for non-playing personnel should be written as “irresponsible behavior” and specific details noted on the game report. Coach/bench personnel leaving technical area (including entering the field) to dispute/dissent a call – even if the call isn’t what he thinks it is Coach/bench personnel throwing/kicking anything while disputing a call Coach/bench personnel kicking/hitting advertising boards or bench in dispute of a call Directed abusive, insulting or offensive language and/or gestures Inflammatory and/or aggressive behavior (verbal and/or physical) with the opposition Interfering with the restart of play and field players Making unwanted and/or aggressive contact with opposing players Interfering with the an AR or fourth official in the performance of their duties

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 2009 Instructions to Referees Preventative “Escalation” Measure Fourth Official determines that the “TELL” step did not work Ready to escalate to “REMOVE” Fourth official shall notify the referee At a stoppage, the referee shall approach the technical area and “warn” the coach Any further irresponsible behavior means immediate dismissal Referees are encouraged to take ownership of behavior in the technical area by utilizing this “escalation” measure. This measure takes full responsibility off the fourth official and the AR and ensures that the referee takes control of the situation. Prearranged signals to alert the referee of the fact that the TELL step has not worked are critical to management. By the referee issuing a “warning” to the coach, preventative work is done and a definitive signal to those in the technical area has been sent by the referee. Referees cannot ignore actions in the technical area and this procedure ensures they are made aware of irresponsible behavior. Pregame: Referee team to establish an escalation procedure to cover: Process for fourth official to notify referee Process of referee notifying the coach

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL Managing The Technical Area 1/29/2009 Video Examples Managing Technical Area 1 Managing Technical Area 3 Video Examples Managing Technical Area 1 Decision: The coach should be dismissed from the technical area for irresponsible behavior. Reasoning: The coach enters the field of play and visually/verbally shows dissent with the referee’s decision. Managing Technical Area 2 Decision: Fourth official must intervene with the coach to prevent escalation as the coach is having a conversation with the opposing technical area. If the fourth official believes there was inflammatory or aggressive behavior/comments with the opposition coach, then the coach may be dismissed for irresponsible behavior. Managing Technical Area 3 Decision: A substituted player on the bench is sent-off for offensive, insulting or abusive language directed toward the referee. Focus should be on the process and mechanics used to dismiss the substituted player. The referee should show the red card immediately to the player, not just point to him. Substitutes and substituted players on the bench should be shown the red and yellow card for misconduct. The red carded player must leave the technical area immediately and before play is restarted. In the professional ranks, the player and any other bench personnel dismissed from the match must return to the dressing room. In certain circumstances outside the professional game, due to the age of the players, the player may stay within the confines of the field if they receive a red card but may not remain in the technical area. However, the rules of competition should specify when players do not have to leave the area surrounding the field and the rules should provide a safe designated area where a player who has been dismissed can go. Managing Technical Area 4 Decision: The assistant coach is dismissed for irresponsible behavior. At a stoppage, the fourth official should call the referee over to the technical area. The fourth official should identify the individual who is to be dismissed and should tell the referee the reason. For administrative personnel, the referee merely confirms the identity and motions them to the locker room while telling them that they are being dismissed from the game. No red card is shown for the dismissal of team administration (coaches or administrators). Managing Technical Area 2 Managing Technical Area 4

Week In Review www.ussoccer.com Text
Text Podcast

1/29/2009 Documents 2009 Referee Program Directives Game Management Game Management Model – Flow, Risk Taking & Game Control Game Disrepute and Mass Confrontation 100% Misconduct: Tactical and Red Card Tackles Assistant Referee Involvement Updates / Clarifications Technical The documents are included on this disc. View and download each document by clicking on the specific item. Contact Above The Shoulder Free Kick and Restart Management Dissent Handling the Ball Injury Management Managing the Technical Area

1/29/2009 2009 Referee Program Directives

2009 MLS Training Seminar – FINAL

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