1. + Causes of WW II

2. + Long-term Causes WW I Treaty of Versailles / Paris Peace Great Depression Breakdown of Collective Security Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns

3. + Intermediate Causes Aggressive Foreign Policies of Germany, Japan, & Italy Violations of the Treaty of Versailles Appeasement & U.S. Isolationism

4. + Short-term & Immediate Causes Axis Power Alliance Hitler’s Foreign Policy towards Czechoslovakia & Poland Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Blitzkrieg in Poland

5. + Long-term Causes WW I Were the causes of WW I satisfactorily addressed? New map of Europe based on national self- determination Victors, “Victors,” Losers

6. + Long-term Causes Treaty of Versailles / Paris Peace Treatment of Germany: too harsh or too lenient Der Diktat Peace of Revenge? Stability or Instability (esp. eastern Europe)  Nationalist Interest or Desire for Peace?

7. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns France wanted security: Encirclement: surround Ger. w/friendly countries (Little Entente: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia & Romania) Rearmed & strengthened Rhineland border: Maginot Line combined w/disarmament “won the war, but lost the peace”

8. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns Britain wanted: maintain empire maintain naval power recover economically via trade desire to be isolationist vis-à-vis the Continent

9. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns Germany wanted to recover: militarily, economically, politically, diplomatically need to break Treaty of Versailles

10. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns Italy wanted to recover from Mutilated Victory: economically, politically, diplomatically seen as major power, esp. in Mediterranean territory promised in Treaty of London colonies in North Africa

11. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns USA wanted to isolationism: political involvement in Europe yet, economically involved: war loans, post-1924 investments, esp. in Ger.

12. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns Japan wanted to security & respect: saw selves as major power empire means to security (ABCD Encirclement) strengthened position in China  militarism, esp. after Great Depression

13. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns USSR rather indifferent until 1930s: Stalin’s Socialism in One Country Five Year Plans Rapallo Treaty, 1922—renounces Treaty of Brest- Litovsk, economic ties, military ties for pariah countries

14. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of International Relations & Concerns What conclusions can we make from this information as well as what we have already studied?

15. + Long-term Causes Great Depression 3 rd Global Catastrophe of the 20 th Century (Robert Boyce) weakened economic & social stability weakened progress on international cooperation  aggressive foreign policies delayed rearmament, esp. in democracies international trade collapsed  assertion for territorial expansion (Ger, It, Jap)

16. + Long-term Causes Breakdown of Collective Security League of Nations Disarmament Conferences Manchurian Crisis Abyssinian Crisis Spanish Civil War

17. + Long-term Causes: Themes World War I Paris Peace Settlement & Treaty of Versailles International Diplomacy Great Depression

18. + Long-term Causes: Themes Are there other themes that can be used to explain the long-term causes of WW II? Nationalism Economics