2. Transition of Glycolysis to Krebs Cycle:
1) Pyruvates enter mitochondria
via. transport proteins
2) Pyruvates converts to Acetyl CoA

3. Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA

4. Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA

5. Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA
0xidized

6. Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA

7. Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA
X 2

8. As a result of the transition to Krebs Cycle : The Krebs Cycle:
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized
2 Pyruvate --> 2 acetyl CoA
(therefore Kreb’s will run TWO turns of the Krebs cycle for each original glucose molecule!!!)
2 NADH & 2 CO2

9. Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized
The Krebs Cycle:
The Krebs Cycle:
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

10. Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized
The Krebs Cycle:
The Krebs Cycle:
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized
Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.
8 steps
remember: Pyruvates (from glycolysis) have been converted to Acetyl CoA, THIS will now be metabolized.

11. Acetyl CoA joins to the 4 carbon compound Oxaloacetate
= c-c-c-c-c-c

12. S-CoA removed = now Citrate

13. 2) H2O given off & added ISOMER

14. 3) CO2 is given off c-c-c-c-c oxidized -->
NAD+ --> NADH + H+ -->  Ketoglutarate

15. 4)CO2 is given off
c-c-c-c oxidized via.
NAD+ --> NADH
CoA attaches --> Succinyl CoA

16. 5) CoA given off
phosphate group given to ADP via. GTP
ADP --> ATP Succinate

17. 6) 2 Hydrogens reduce FAD
FAD --> FADH Fumarate

18. 7) Addition of H2O -->Malate

19. 8) NAD+ --> NADH
reduced Oxalocetate

20. Products =
3 NADH X2
1 FADH2 X2
2 CO2 X2
1 ATP X2
6NADH
2FADH2
2ATP

21. Electron
Transort
Chain

22. Electron Transport Chain:
Occurs in the cristae (folds) of inner membrane of mitochondria.
end result = 34 ATPs

23. Electron Transport Chain: How does it work…
1)HIGH ENERGY electrons “shuttle” from one “acceptor molecule” to another.

24. This “collection” of proteins that are structurally linked

25. Electron Transport Chain: How does it work…
1)HIGH ENERGY electrons “shuttle” from one acceptor molecule to another.
At each “stop”, e-’s are transferred between molecules- they are reduced and then oxidized

28. Electron Transport Chain:
How does it work…
The last molecule in the chain passes e-’s to Oxygen--> VERY electronegative.
Oxygen then “picks up”
2 H+ --> H2O.

29. Electron Transport Chain:
these electron transferers -> fuel the pumping of H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space

30. Electron Transport Chain:

31. ATP synthase= ENZYME
Inner membrane space
Matrix

32. It’s a “mill” ATP synthase= ENZYME INTERMEMBRANE SPACE H+
A rotor within the membrane spins as shown when H+ flows past
it down the H+ gradient. H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
A stator anchored in the membrane holds the knob stationary.
It’s a “mill”
A rod (or “stalk”) extending into the knob also spins, activating catalytic sites in the knob. H+
Three catalytic sites in the stationary knob join inorganic phosphate to ADP to make ATP.
ADP + P
ATP
MITOCHONDRAL MATRIX

33. Energy, b/c of the. H+ gradient
Energy, b/c of the H+ gradient.. That is chemiosmotic to the educated student!!, powers the “mill”.
Inner membrane space

34. electrons are “grabbed” and H+’s are “squirted” into the inner mitochondrial space.

35. The electron transport chain thus establishes a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

36. Chemiosmosis:
potential energy stored in the gradient is released and captured to form ATP from ADP and phosphate via the enzyme: ATP Synthase.

38. 34 ATP’s result!!
Every 1 NADH -> 3ATP
Every 1 FADH2-> 2ATP

44. Lets practice…

45. Are the pieces coming together?