1. A Matrix Approach to Comparing and Contrasting Some Differing Perspectives on Emergency Management and Homeland Security in a Post-9/11 World and Some Suggested Reference Materials Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D. Presentation FEMA Higher Education Conference, Emmitsburg, Maryland, June 6 - 9, 2011

2. Using a Matrix Approach to Analysis to Enhance Understanding of different perspectives concerning some of the major challenges facing those in roles of public responsibility for homeland security and emergency management; of a range of different ways of looking at the role of the Federal, State, and local governments in recent major disasters, with an emphasis on Hurricane Katrina; and of some possible explanations concerning the basis of widely varying perspectives and some of the possible consequences of major differences in perspectives. 2

3. Some Differences Among Those in Positions of Responsibility in Hurricane Katrina Differing levels of knowledge, experience, and skills with regard to addressing a moderate hurricane, let alone a catastrophic hurricane. Differing levels of knowledge, experience, and skills in emergency management. Differing views concerning what constitutes a catastrophe and what makes a catastrophic event exponentially more difficult to deal with than a disaster of lesser magnitude. Differing expectations concerning how effective emergency management efforts can be when all of the major elements of the critical infrastructure are in a state of failure in a 92,000 square mile area. 3

4. Comparing and Contrasting Some Differing Perspectives of a Few Actors and Analysts with Regard to a Variety of Parameters Don Kettl's views (as found in his book System under Stress ~ Homeland Security and American Politics) The common view points found in the major government after action reports Michael Brown's views, including his February 11, 2006 Deposition General Honore's views One’s own views (The list is short in order to accommodate the time frame for the presentation.) 4

5. Some Typologies, Concepts, and Tools Used in this Matrix Analysis Todd Stewart’s Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model: Similarities between this depiction of the homeland security cycle and the emergency management cycle Paula Gordon’s All-Hazards Adaptation of Stewart’s Model A Typology of Emergencies of Differing Levels of Severity The Homeland Security Impact Scale and its Applicability to an All-Hazards Approach to Emergency Management 5

6. The Nature of the Approach Being Taken Are the actors or analysts taking a comprehensive or a less than holistic approach to emergency management and homeland security? Are they taking a realistic approach? Do they understand the differences between a medium scale disaster and a catastrophe? Are they expecting that the response to a catastrophe can be micromanaged? 6

7. Todd Stewart’s Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model: Todd Stewart's model is helpful in depicting a comprehensive approach to preventing as well as preparing for and responding to potential terrorist-related events. A model that helps clarify key similarities and differences between the homeland security cycle and the emergency management cycle A model that importantly includes mitigation. 7

8. Todd Stewart’s Counter-Terrorism Strategic Model Deterrence Prediction Prevention(Pre-emption) Detect & Characterize Mitigation(Preparation and Protection) CrisisManagement Forensics & Attribution Post-EventResponse Recovery & Reconstitution TERRORISM EVENT OR CAMPAIGN Identify & Characterize Threats 8

9. Paula Gordon’s All-Hazards Adaptation of Todd Stewart’s Strategic Model: The following adaptation of Todd Stewart's model is helpful in depicting a comprehensive approach to preventing as well as preparing for and responding to potential events involving all hazards, whatever their origin may be. A model that helps clarify key similarities and differences between the homeland security cycle and the emergency management cycle. A model that importantly includes preparedness mitigation, and situational awareness. 9

10. Preparedness Remediation,Protective Measures, & Mitigation Contingency Planning & Situational Awareness & Assessment When & If the Event is Foreseeable or Imminent & When the Event Occurs Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D, http://gordonhomeland.comhttp://gordonhomeland.com 5/20//2011 http://gordonhomeland.com Modeled Loosely on an Adaptation of Todd Stewart’s Counter Terrorism Strategic Model Continuity of Operations Planning Operations Planning & Event Response Post-EventResponse Recovery & Reconstitution Plus Mitigation & PreparednessMeasures for the Future AN ALL- HAZARDSEMERGENCYMANAGEMENTCYCLE Identify, Assess, & Characterize Hazards Crisis Management Management

11. A Typology of Emergencies of Differing Levels of Severity A typology that is pertinent to an all-hazards approach to emergency management as well as to a natural hazards approach to emergency management. A typology that helps clarify the differences in impacts of emergencies of differing levels of severity and the implications of those differences for the emergency management cycle. 11

12. A Typology of Emergencies Size of Emergency Number of Dead & Injured Roles of Government ApproachCharacteristics of Care Skill & Training Needs Small ScaleScoresLocal, State, and Regional Surge of capa- bilities ManageableSurge capa- bility Medium Scale HundredsAll levels of government ModifiedNormal to minimal Networked surge capability Large Scale ThousandsAll levels of government Modified to makeshift Normal to minimal Networked surge capability Catastrophic Scale MillionsAll levels of government Mostly makeshift Minimal or worse Make do capability Mega- Catastrophe Multi- millions to billions Remaining vestiges of government Totally makeshift Minimal if existent Improvisa- tional skills Adapted from P. Gordon " Comparative Scenario and Options Analysis: Important Tools for Agents of Change Post 9/11 and Post Hurricane Katrina," Homeland Security Review, Vol. 1 No. 2, 2006 ( http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options/Analysis.html ) http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options/Analysis.html 12

13. The Homeland Security Impact Scale: Its Applicability to an All-Hazards Approach to Emergency Management The Homeland Security Impact Scale provides a common frame of reference that can be useful in considering and arriving at a consensus concerning the impacts of disasters. The Homeland Security Impact Scale provides a common frame of reference that can be useful in considering actions that can be taken to mitigate the impacts of disasters or emergencies of differing levels of severity or to address and help reverse them once they have occurred. 13

14. Homeland Security Impact Scale 0 -- No real impact on national security, economic security, or personal security 1 -- Local impact in areas directly affected 2 -- Significant impact in some areas that were not directly affected 3 -- Significant market adjustment (20% plus drop); some business and industries destabilized; some bankruptcies, including increasing number of personal bankruptcies and bankruptcies of small businesses, and waning of consumer confidence 4 -- Economic slowdown spreads; rise in unemployment and underemployment accompanied by possible isolated disruptive incidents and acts, increase in hunger and homelessness 5 -- Cascading impacts including mild recession; isolated supply problems; isolated infrastructure problems; accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, continuing societal impacts 14

15. Homeland Security Impact Scale (Continued) 6 -- Moderate to strong recession or increased market volatility; regional supply problems; regional infrastructure problems accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts 7 -- Spreading supply problems and infrastructure problems accompanied by possible increase in disruptive incidents and acts, worsening societal impacts, and major challenges posed to elected and non-elected public officials 8 -- Depression; increased supply problems; elements of infrastructure crippled accompanied by likely increase in disruptive incidents and acts; worsening societal impacts; and national and global markets severely impacted 9 -- Widespread supply problems; infrastructure verging on collapse with both national and global consequences; worsening economic and societal impacts accompanied by likely widespread disruptions 10 -- Possible unraveling of the social fabric, nationally and globally, jeopardizing the ability of governments to govern and keep the peace 15

16. Homeland Security Impact Scale (Continued) "Disruptions" and "incidents" can include demonstrations, work stoppages, strikes, organized or spontaneous vandalism, looting, and riots. Also included are sabotage and terrorist acts and attacks. (The scale and these notations have been adapted by Paula D.Gordon from the Y2K Impact Scale developed by Bruce F. Webster of WDCY2K and sent by him to the membership of WDCY2K on March 4, 1998.) "Supply problems" and "infrastructure problems" may include food shortages; availability of potable water; degradation of water purity, water distribution and/or waste management; fuel/heating oil shortages, disruptions in utilities (power, gas, telecommunications), disruption in the financial sector, disruptions in transportation (airlines, trains, trucking, ports, ships); pharmaceutical shortages; disruption of health care services or emergency medical services; disruption of fire and public safety services; disruptions or inadequacies, or overwhelming of public works operations and services. 16

17. Some Parameters Used to Compare and Contrast the Views of the Actors and Analysts Characterization of the individual's general perspective; Stance with regard to Typology of Emergencies in and assumptions concerning the level of severity of Katrina and what constitutes a catastrophe; Stance with regard to the Homeland Security Impact Scale and perceptions concerning the impacts of Katrina on all key elements of the critical infrastructure near term and long term; Capabilities and skills needed by those in various levels of public responsibility and assumptions concerning the capabilities and skills of those involved in Katrina. 17

18. Some Parameters Used to Compare and Contrast the Views of the Actors and Analysts (Continued) Views concerning what went wrong and who or what was responsible for what went wrong Degree of realism in assessing the capacity of any or all levels of government to deal with Katrina; Recognition of the existence of a cultural divide between homeland security and emergency management and DHS and FEMA; Understanding of the problems between DHS and FEMA before, during, and after Katrina. 18

19. Some Parameters Used to Compare and Contrast the Views of the Actors and Analysts (Continued) Perceptions concerning the nature of the intergovernmental challenges in Katrina; Perspectives concerning the suitability of the National Response Plan at the time of Katrina and the suitability of presently planned approaches to a revised NRP to potential catastrophic events in the future; Perspectives concerning whether or not the NRP was applicable at the time of Katrina, understanding of the extent to which the NRP was ignored or worked around. 19

20. Some Parameters Used to Compare and Contrast the Views of the Actors and Analysts (Continued) Assumptions concerning who's in charge or who should be in charge; and Views concerning lessons learned and where we go from here. 20

21. The Matrix Actors &Analysts1) General Perspective2) Stance re Typology of Emergencies A) Don Kettl's views Wide-ranging assessment of DHS/FEMA and Katrina featuring historical and organizational analysis with some emphasis on lessons learned and recommendations concerning some current challenges Katrina viewed in part as a Large Scale Emergency and in part as an Emergency of Catastrophic Scale B) Common viewpoints in reportsLess wide-ranging assessment than Kettl's based on a more limited problem definition with less attention to historical and organizational analysis and with different prescriptions for change Similar to Kettl C) Michael Brown's views Realistic assessment of emergency management challenges rooted in comprehensive all hazards approach to emergency management and the emergency management cycle and an understanding of the evolution of emergency management challenges since 9/11 Katrina was Katrina was an unprecedented Emergency of Catastrophic Scale impacting millions in a 92,000 square mile area D) General Honore's viewsExtremely realistic assessment of emergency management challenges presented by natural catastrophes Similar to Brown's stance with even greater emphasis on the impact of the failure of all major elements of the critical infrastructure 21

22. The Matrix (Continued) Actors &Analysts3) Stance re Homeland Security Impact Scale 4) Capabilities and Skills A) Don Kettl's views Likely rating of near term impacts: 5-6 Likely rating of long term impacts: 3 Focus on improving processes, developing capabilities useful for large scale emergencies and "building nimble organizations capable of flexible response" that are needed for larger scale emergencies B) Common viewpoints in reports Likely rating of near term impacts: 5 Likely rating of long term impacts: 1-3 Focus on improving logistics coupled along with the need to improve capabilities (primarily those best suited to Large Scale Emergencies) C) Michael Brown's viewsPossible rating of near term impacts: 5-10 Possible rating of long term impacts: 3-5 Focus on the need to improve skills and capabilities across the board, including those involving planning and preparedness D) General Honore's views Possible rating of near term impacts: 5-9 Possible rating of long term impacts: 3-4 Honore's Eleven Quick Fixes focus on problem solving skills and proactive approaches that would mitigate impacts 22

23. The Matrix (Continued) Actors &Analysts5) What went wrong and who or what was responsible 6) Realistic assessment of govt's capacity A) Don Kettl's views Focus on correctable failures of government at all levels and the need for government to improve processes and develop a capability for "flexible response" More realistic than most B) Common viewpoints in reports Focus on the failure of government at all levels, particularly the Federal government, and the need to make organizational changes and significantly improve technology and emergency management processes Somewhat realistic, but rooted in a definition of the nature and scope of the challenges and of what is needed that is somewhat limited C) Michael Brown's views Recognition well before Katrina of the government's failure to be adequately prepared and belief that far more adequate preparation for potential catastrophic events along with a far more viable FEMA pre-Katrina could have made a difference Far more realistic than most D) General Honore's viewsRecognition of the catastrophic nature of Katrina and focus on dealing as effectively as possible with future challenges Extremely realistic 23

24. The Matrix (Continued) Actors &Analysts9) Intergovernmental challenges of Katrina 10) Suitability of the National Response Plan (NRP) for Katrina A) Don Kettl's views Viewed largely in terms of the need to make significant changes in process Not addressed in his book, only mentioned in passing on page 69 B) Common viewpoints in reports Reflective of varying views concerning what the nature of relations should be between Federal, State, and local entities, particularly in a worst case catastrophe The NRP was not sufficient (The relevance to catastrophes of the yet to be completed revised version remains to be seen.) C) Michael Brown's viewsUnable using best efforts to develop effective working relationships with State and local governments in The NRP was not suitable for Katrina. D) General Honore's views Was freer than Michael Brown to develop effective working relationships in that he was not constrained in the same ways that Brown was Not a matter addressed directly but some recommendations for changes can be found in his list of Eleven Quick Fixes 24

25. The Matrix (Continued) Actors &Analysts11) The NRP at the time of Katrina & the extent to which it was used 12) Who's in charge & who should be A) Don Kettl's views Kettl does not appear to recognize that the version of the NRP in place at the time of Katrina was "worked around" and not fully implemented and that it would have been impossible to implement that version of the NRP since it is not possible to "manage" an emergency the magnitude of Katrina using prescriptions that are inapplicable to catastrophic events Dealt with in very general terms B) Common viewpoints in reportsThe authors of the earliest published reports do not appear to recognize that the version of the NRP in place at the time of Katrina was "worked around" and not fully implemented and that it would have been impossible to implement that version of the NRP since it is not possible to "manage" an emergency the magnitude of Katrina using prescriptions that are inapplicable to catastrophic events Question of when the military should be involved in catastrophic events raised and discussed. Plans concerning how potentially catastrophic events are to be handled in the future are as yet unclear C) Michael Brown's views Brown decided to work around the NRP based on his perception that the August 2005 version of the NRP was inapplicable in a catastrophic event (For specifics see Michael Brown's Deposition) The military should be called out to deal with a catastrophic event 25

26. The Matrix (Continued) Actors &Analysts7) Cultural divide between HS & EM, DHS & FEMA 8) Current DHS/FEMA Efforts A) Don Kettl's views Some recognition of some aspects of the cultural divide Appears to be only somewhat aware of the nature and extent of the cleavages within DHS and between DHS and FEMA B) Common viewpoints in reports Little recognition of the nature and scope of the cultural divide and how it might be bridged Far less aware than Kettl of the nature of the cleavages within DHS and between DHS and FEMA C) Michael Brown's viewsConsiderable insight into the basis for and the manifestations of the cultural divide (See especially the testimony of Michael Brown and his Deposition) Not apparent the extent to which he may be following current efforts D) General Honore's viewsFar more focused on doing what needs to be done than on analyzing organizational and professional cultural challenges Not apparent what his interests might be in such matters 26

27. Some of the Value in Using a Matrix Approach to Analysis The use of this kind of matrix approach to analysis can help deepen understanding of different perspectives, backgrounds, and experience that key actors have. The use of a matrix approach to analysis can also deepen our understanding of the implications of those perspectives and to understand in a new light the difficulties that were faced in Katrina. 27

28. Some Selected Reference Materials The following are materials, websites, videos, and DVD’s that can be used in the development and implementation of courses and curricula focusing on an all-hazards approach to homeland security and emergency management. Complete references for these materials can be found in the “List of Homeland Security and Emergency Management References and Resources” compiled by Paula D. Gordon and posted at GordonPublicAdministration.com (http://GordonPublicAdministration.com ). The 102 page List of References and Resources includes twenty-two categories and is posted in two parts in the File Section of the GordonPublicAdministration.com website. http://GordonPublicAdministration.com GordonHomeland.com (http://GordonHomeland.com) and GordonPublicAdministration.com (http://GordonPublicAdministration.com) include articles, reports, publications, and presentations on homeland security and emergency management and organizational, managerial, ethical, and educational issues. The websites have been developed by Paula D. Gordon and are provided as a free public service.http://GordonHomeland.comhttp://GordonPublicAdministration.com 28

29. Some Selected Materials (Continued) “Principles of Emergency Management” from FEMA: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/emprincipl es.asp. http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/emprincipl es.asp Principles of Emergency Management October 10, 2008, 1 page.Principles of Emergency Management Principles of Emergency Management Brochure. September 11, 2007. 9 pages.Principles of Emergency Management Brochure. Principles of Emergency Management Slide Presentation. Developed by Jim Fraser, February 14, 2008. 18 Slides. Principles of Emergency Management Slide Presentation. 29

30. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Claire B. Rubin, editor, Emergency Management: The American Experience 1900 – 2005, Public Entity Risk Institute, (http://riskinstitute.org ), 2007.http://riskinstitute.org Claire B. Rubin, 4/9/08 Transcript of Forum Presentation: Emergency Management: The American Experience, 1900 – 2005. View at http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/all.htm.http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/all.htm David A. McEntire, Introduction to Homeland Security: Understanding Terrorism with an Emergency Management Perspective, Wiley, 2009. 30

31. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Stephen Flynn speaking on his book The Edge of Disaster ~ Rebuilding a Resilient Nation at the Houston World Affairs Council, March 27, 2007. See video at http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/197358-1.http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/197358-1 Stephen Flynn, The Edge of Disaster, Random House, 2007. Secretary Mike Leavitt, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Emergency Preparedness Health Summit, National Press Club, April 18, 2006. View online at http://www.C- SPAN.org/videolibrary. ID#192090-1. 45 minutes.http://www.C- SPAN.org/videolibrary 31

32. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) April 2003 Frontline Program: Cyberwar (PBS) (Also see archived program, transcript, and interviews online at http://www.pbs.org.) http://www.pbs.org Paula D. Gordon, "Infrastructure Threats and Challenges: Before and After September 11, 2001". PA TIMES, Vol. 24, Issue 12, December 2001. Reprinted as a commentary in the Journal of Homeland Security, April 16, 2002. Also posted at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homeland_infra.ht ml or see link at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homeland_infra.ht mlhttp://gordonhomeland.com Paula D. Gordon, "A Matrix Approach to Comparing and Contrasting Some Differing Perspectives on the Federal Government’s Role in Hurricane Katrina and in Potential Catastrophic Events in the Future." Access at http://GordonPublicAdministration.com. http://GordonPublicAdministration.com 32

33. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Critical Infrastructure Task Force. Washington, DC: Homeland Security Advisory Council, January 2006 (50 pages). Access at: www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/HSAC_CITF_Report_v2.pdf www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/HSAC_CITF_Report_v2.pdf Ted G. Lewis, Critical Infrastructure Protection in Homeland Security ~ Defending a Networked Nation, Wiley-Interscience, 2006. Naval Postgraduate School Course Materials and videos on radical extremism and the resources of the Homeland Security Digital Library. Access at https://www.hsdl.org. https://www.hsdl.org 33

34. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) *General Russel Honore, Presentation on Hurricane Katrina, a presentation before the Houston Forum on February 13, 2006. Access at http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/id/155435.http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/id/155435 *General Russel Honore, September 9, 2005 CNN transcript in which General Honore compares the crisis to a football game in which you cannot expect to win any ground in the first quarter. Michael Brown, Presentation on Hurricane Katrina and Weather Emergency Preparedness, January 18, 2006 Video can be viewed at http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/id/153798.http://www.c- spanvideo.org/program/id/153798 * For particularly significant insights into the massive challenges relating to catastrophic event planning, preparedness, mitigation, and response and the Federal approach to Hurricane Katrina 34

35. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Michael Brown, February 11, 2006, Congressional Deposition. Access at http://katrina.hours.gov/brown/depo.doc. http://katrina.hours.gov/brown/depo.doc Paula D. Gordon, "Thoughts about Katrina: Responses to Two Questions about Hurricane Katrina and America's Resilience,“ December 1, 2005 (Prepared for the December 19-21, 2005 Forum on Building America's Resilience to Hazards, sponsored by The American Meteorological Society in collaboration with The Space Enterprise Council of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce.) Access at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://gordonhomeland.com 35

36. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) *Susan B. Glasser and Michael Grunwald, "Department's Mission Was Undermined From Start", Washington Post, December 22, 2005. Access at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122102327.html. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2005/12/21/AR2005122102327.html *Michael Grunwald and Susan B. Glasser, "Brown's Turf Wars Sapped FEMA's Strength" Washington Post, December 23, 2005. Access at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202213.html?nav=hcmod ule. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2005/12/22/AR2005122202213.html?nav=hcmod ule * For extraordinary insights into the background Federal homeland security efforts from after 9/11 through Hurricane Katrina. 36

37. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Paula D. Gordon, “Improving Homeland Security & Critical Infrastructure Protection and Continuity Efforts.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/hsciprep ort.pdf or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/hsciprep ort.pdf http://gordonhomeland.com 37

38. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Paula D. Gordon, Presenter, "Improving Homeland Security - Continuing Challenges and Opportunities," transcript of Emergency Information Infrastructure Partnership (EIIP) Virtual Forum, March 24, 2004. Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://gordonhomeland.com Paula D. Gordon, "Transforming and Leading Organizations," (Examples from disaster management.) (Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com. Also published in Government Transformation, Winter 2004-05 issue. http://gordonhomeland.com 38

39. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Paula D. Gordon, "Capabilities and Skills Needed by Those in New Roles of Responsibility for Homeland Security at the Federal, State, and Local Levels of Government." Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com and published in the PA TIMES, Vol. 28, Issue 3, March 2005 (a publication of the American Society for Public Administration). http://gordonhomeland.com Paula D. Gordon, "Comparative Scenario and Options Analysis: Important Tools for Agents of Change Post 9/11 and Post Hurricane Katrina," Homeland Security Review, Vol. 1 No. 2, 2006. Posted at http://gordonhomeland.com or http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options Analysis.html.http://gordonhomeland.com http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/options Analysis.html 39

40. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Paula D. Gordon, “The Homeland Security Impact Scale: An Alternative Approach to Assessing Homeland Security and Critical Infrastructure Protection Efforts and a Frame of Reference for Understanding and Addressing Current Challenges.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/thehom elandsecurityimpactscale.htm or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/thehom elandsecurityimpactscale.htm http://gordonhomeland.com Paula D. Gordon, “Strategic Planning and Y2K Technology Challenges:Lessons and Legacies for Homeland Security.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homela nd_strat.html or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/homela nd_strat.html http://gordonhomeland.com. 40

41. Some Selected Materials (Continued) Paula D. Gordon, “Using E-Technology to Advance Homeland Security Efforts.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/etechnol ogy.html or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/etechnol ogy.html http://gordonhomeland.com Paula D. Gordon, “A Common Goal for Contingency Planning and Management, Emergency Management, and Homeland Security: Building a Disaster Resilient Nation.” Access at http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/Commo nGoal.html or use link at http://gordonhomeland.com. http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/Commo nGoal.html http://gordonhomeland.com 41

42. Some Selected Reference Materials (Continued) Paula D. Gordon, "The State of Emergency Management and Homeland Security," PA TIMES, Vol. 30, Issue 8, August 2007. Also posted at http://gordonhomeland.com or see or http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/stateofE M.html.http://gordonhomeland.com http://users.rcn.com/pgordon/homeland/stateofE M.html Paula D. Gordon, “Challenges for the Future of Homeland Security and Emergency Management Education,” PA TIMES, Vol. 31, Issue 8, August 2008. Also see http://gordonhomeland.com.http://gordonhomeland.com 42

43. University Affiliations, Contact Information & Websites Paula D. Gordon, Ph.D. Auburn University Emergency Management for Government & Private Sector Certificate Program University of Richmond Eastern Kentucky University E-Mail: pgordon@starpower.netpgordon@starpower.net Phone: (202) 241 0631 Websites: http://GordonPublicAdministration.com http://GordonHomeland.com andhttp://GordonPublicAdministration.com http://GordonHomeland.com http://www.jhu.edu/pgordon 43