1. Animalia
multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell wall, heterotrophs, capable of movement, reproduce sexually, body symmetry (radial or bilateral)
9 Phyla- 8 invertebrate and 1 vertebrate

2. Invertebrate- Porifera
Porifera- two cell layers, collar cells w/flagella, filter feeders, ex. sponges

3. Invertebrate- Cnidarian
Cnidarians- Stinging cells, radial symmetry, simple nervous system only stimulus and response, central cavity only one body opening, ex. jellyfish, coral, hydra, sea anemone

4. Invertebrate- worms
Plathyhelmenthes: flat worms, only one body opening, three cell layers,ex. Tapeworm, Fluke, Planarian, Marine worms
Nematode: round worms, first with two body openings, 3 cell layers, many parasitic, Heartworm, Roundworm, Vinegar Eel
Annelid: segmented worms, two body openings, 3 cell layers, beginning of circulatory system, and digestive system (crop), ex. Earthworm and Leech

5. Worm images
Plathyhelmenthes Nematode
Annelid

6. Invertebrate Mollusk
soft body, more complex body systems developing, eyes and nervous system, levels of communication beyond stimulus and response
3 classes
Gastropod (snails and slugs),
Cephalopod (squid octopus cuttlefish and chambered nautilus),
Bivalve (oyster, clam, mussel, scallop)

7. Mollusk images
Bivalves Gastropods Cephalopods

8. Invertebrate- Arthropod
jointed legs, exoskeleton, body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen), metamorphosis (complete or incomplete)
4 classes:
Insect -6 legs (ant, grasshopper, beetle, bee, wasp)
Arachnid -8 legs (spider, tick, horseshoe crab),
Crustacean -10 legs (shrimp, lobster, barnacles, crayfish)
Myrapods -many legs, centipede and millipedes

9. Arthropod images

10. Invertebrate- Echinoderm
Characteristics: spiny skin, complex regeneration capacity, found only in marine environments, radial symmetry,
Examples: Sea urchin, Sand dollar, Starfish, Sea cucumber

12. Vertebrates- Chordata
Chordate notachord, complex body systems, sexual reproduction (internal or external fertilization) 5 classes:
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

13. Fish
Fish, moist skin covered in scales, gills to breathe, 2 chambered heart, cold blooded,
3 types:
1. bony ex Trout, Salmon, Bass, Catfish, Grouper, Tarpon.
2. jawless, ex. Lamprey and tunicates
3. cartilaginous ex. Sharks and Rays

14. Fish images

15. Amphibian
Amphibian, cold blooded, 3 chambered heart, born in water, develop lungs, smooth moist skin, ex. salamander, newts, frogs, and toads (only dry skin)

16. Reptile
Reptile, dry leathery skin with scales, cold blooded, 3 chambered heart, amniote/terrestrial eggs, ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles, alligator, crocodile

17. Birds
Bird, warm blooded, 4 chambered heart, hollow bones, body with feathers

18. Mammal
Mammal, warm blooded, 4 chambered heart, milk producers, body with hair/fur
Placental (live birth), Marsupial (pouch) ex. Kangaroo, and Monotremes (egg) ex Platypus

19. Animal Behaviors
Innate:
Instincts- complex pattern of innate behaviors, reflexes, fight or flight, courtships, species recognition (language, song, flashes of pattern/light)
Territory- physical space needed for breeding, feeding, and shelter, organisms can expend a lot of energy defending territory some will fight to the death.
Migration- instinctive seasonal movement, response to a changing environment, includes hibernation (cold) and estivation (dry and hot)

20. Behaviors cont’d Learned:
Habituation- animal repeats a successful behavior, and does not repeat an unsuccessful behavior, birds learn which moths are poisonous by color and avoid eating them after becoming ill or getting a bad taste. Deer return to the same grazing field when successful.
Imprinting – salmon and turtles return to same stream or beach to lay eggs in which they hatched, the environment left an imprint or memory

21. Adaptations for Defense:
Mechanical- physical structures
Chemical- stinging sensations, poisons, bad taste, paralysis
Camouflage- color or pattern that blend into environment
Disruptive- ex zebra
Cryptic- ex chameleon and squid
Countershading- ex Fish have light belly and dark back