1. Romulus and Remus
According to myth, Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BCE.

2. The city of Rome began as a group of small villages located on seven hills on the Tiber River. The villages grew until they became a town and eventually this town grew into an Empire.
Around 500 BCE, the Romans overthrew the Etruscan king and established a Republic. Citizens were allowed to vote and to choose the people who would run the government.
To keep the Etruscans from regaining power, the Romans begin to attack the surrounding Etruscan cities or establish alliances with them.

3. The Roman Empire from 500 BCE to 117 BCE

5. Roman Daily Life Cities were crowded, dirty and Loud.
Most people lived in Apartments which were poorly built and often collapsed.
The wealthy lived in large, comfortable houses
To keep peace, the government offered “bread and circuses”
Bread and circuses: chariot races and Gladiator events.
Gladiators fought animals and each other. Most were enslaved people, criminals, or the poor.
They were admired similar to sports heroes today.
Roman
Daily
Life

6. Roman Family Life
Wealthy families hired tutors for their children, poor families didn’t send their children to school.
Older boys studied reading, writing and public speaking at schools while older girls studied reading and writing and household skills at home.
Between boys celebrated becoming a man. He burnt his toys as offerings
Family was important
Families were large
Included: Parents, young children, married children and their families, other relatives and servants.
The father was the head of the household.
The father punished children for misbehavior and arranged marriages

7. Women in Rome
Women with less freedom spent more time working but could leave the house to shop, visit friends, worship at temple, or go to the baths.
They could hold public jobs
Had some rights but were not full citizens.
Had strong influence on their families.
Wives of emperors often influenced political decisions
Women could own land, run a business, and sell property.
Managed the household, and servants.
They could attend the theater or amphitheater but had to sit in areas separate from men.
A woman’s freedoms depended on the wealth of her husband

8. Imagine you are from Ancient Rome, write a letter to a friend in Greece telling him or her about your life.
what do you do on a daily basis,
how is your life different from theirs?
What is your family life like?
THINK ABOUT THE THINGS WE DISCUSSED WITH THE ETRUSCANS, WHAT YOU SAW IN THE POWER POINTS WITH YOUR GROUP AND WHAT WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT TODAY!!!!!!

9. ARCHITECTURE Pantheon= temple built to honor the Roman Gods
First to invent and use concrete.
Based greatly on the Greek style of art and architecture
Colosseum=arena
Used Greek columns and added their own features such as arches and domes. Vaulted ceilings.

10. Virgil took many of his ideas from Homer.
based on Greek style.
Roman historians recorded the events of their civilizations, Livy wrote History of Rome.
Horace wrote Satire=poked fun at human weaknesses and Odes=told of strong emotions about life.
LITERATURE
Ovid wrote tales based on Greek myths.
Enjoyed plays which were based on tragedies and comedies. The Roman language of Latin became the language for European government, trade and learning.

11. Gaylon: a Greek doctor brought the study of Anatomy to Rome
Engineers built a massive system of roads and bridges connecting the empires. This made travel and trade more accessible. Built aqueducts to bring water to the cities. They also developed a sewer system
Ptolemy from Alexandria, Egypt studied the sky, he mapped over 1,000 stars and studied the movement of the planets and stars.
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

12. How has Roman Architecture influenced our world today?
How has Roman Literature influenced our world today?
How has Roman Science and Engineering influenced our world today?
GIVE EXAMPLES……………

13. POLYTHEISTIC
Spirits lived in Natural things like trees and rivers
Honored Gods with prayer and offerings

14. Roman Beliefs Diana: Goddess of the hunt Venus: Goddess of love
Mars: God of War
Jupiter: Chief God/God of the Sky
Roman Beliefs
Juno: Wife of the chief god
Minerva: Goddess of Wisdom
Pluto: God of the underworld
Neptune: God of the Sea
Mercury: Messenger God

15. Patricians Plebeians Both Wealthy landowners Made up the ruling class.
Could not hold public office.
Artisans, Shop keepers, and small farm owners
Intermarriage among the Classes was not allowed.
Served in the Army
Paid taxes
Had the right to vote
Patricians
Plebeians
Both

16. Triparite Government
Law Makers
Government
Rulers
Judges

17. Rome & United States Checks and Balances
Both have checks & balances to prevent one group from getting too powerful.
Rome’s government didn’t separate the powers like the U.S. does.

18. Consuls Peoples’ Assembly Senate
Replaced kings
2 were elected each term
Served one year.
Headed the Army
Could veto each others decisions.
Peoples’ Assembly
Senate
Rich nobles
Common People
Controlled Government
Proposed laws
300 Patrician men
Served for life
Demanded laws be written and placed in public places
Could veto laws

19. The Great Plebeian Strike
471 B.C. Plebeians set up their own body of representatives-The Council of Plebs
Plebeians won the right to veto government decisions
Plebeians and Patricians were allowed to intermarry
Plebeians were allowed to be members of the Council
494 B.C. Plebeians went on strike and refused to serve in the Army.
Left the city to set up their own republic
Led to Plebeian success in gaining power.

20. Rome became the most powerful state; it gained all control of the Mediterranean World.
Conquered cities became provinces of the Rome.
As a Roman province, citizens were entitled
Right to Vote
Pay Taxes
Be member of Roman Army
Rome became extremely wealthy due to all the taxes being paid by citizens.
The rich became richer and poor became poorer

21. Roman Law A major contribution to law systems around the world.
Rome’s first set of laws= 12 Tables
The 12 tables were the basis for all future Roman laws.
Established that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system.
Law of Nations: stated principals of Justice that applied to all people everywhere.

22. Roman Law Law of Nations
Innocent until Proven Guilty
The right to defend yourself in court
Requires a judge to look at all evidence carefully before making a decision.
This was also known as----Rule of law
Rule of law is the basis of OUR legal system today.

23. Wars Second Punic War (218 B.C.) First Punic War (264B.C.)
Rome helped the people living in Spain rebel against Carthage.
Carthage sent it’s greatest general Hannibal to attack Rome, beginning the 2nd Punic war.
Once again Rome defeated Carthage and gained control of Spain.
First Punic War (264B.C.)
Rome & Carthage wanted Control of Sicily
Lasted 20 years
Romans forced Carthaginians
From Sicily, and gained control.
Wars
Third Punic War
After 50 years of peace Carthage began rebuilding. Rome attacked and burned Carthage and ruined it’s fields. The people of Carthage were either killed or sold into slavery

24. An End to the Republic
Rome had become so large it depended on military rulers. In 46 BCE Julius Caesar came into power.
Accomplishments of Julius Caesar
Built new buildings
Reduced taxes
Protected the rights of plebeians
Soldiers pledged loyalty to Caesar
Patricians thought Julius Caesar had too much power and murdered him in 44 BCE.

25. Pax Romana
Octavian, known as Augustus, became emperor in 27 BCE. This is the start of the Roman Empire. He established a 200 year period of peace known as the Pax Romana. He called himself Augustus which means “great.”
Accomplishments of Augustus
Maintained peace
Restored order to army
Established fair taxes
Constructed new roads and buildings
Encouraged art, science, and literature
Established a standard currency
Increased trade