1. Your endocrine system sends and receives chemical messages that control many body functions.

2. endocrine glands
hormones
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
pancreas
pituitary glands
adrenal glands

3. How the Endocrine System Works
The endocrine system includes various organs that work together to regulate body functions.
The endocrine system sends and receives hormones.

4. How the Endocrine System Works
There are several different endocrine glands.
Endocrine glands
Ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

5. How the Endocrine System Works
Endocrine glands secret hormones into the blood to influence physical and mental responses.
Hormones
Chemical substances that help regulate many of your body’s functions

6. How the Endocrine System Works
Major Glands of the Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
Pineal Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pituitary Gland
Testes
Thymus
Ovaries
Adrenal Glands
Hypothalamus
Pancreas

7. How the Endocrine System Works
The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which regulates the way cells release energy from nutrients.
Thyroid gland
Produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth

8. How the Endocrine System Works
The parathyroid glands are located in the neck near the thyroid gland.
Parathyroid glands
Produce a hormone that regulates the body’s balance of calcium and phosphorus

9. How the Endocrine System Works
Male reproductive glands that produce sperm for fertilization
Testes
Ovaries
Female reproductive glands that produce the egg cells
Links the endocrine system and the nervous system and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones
Hypothalamus
Pineal Gland
Secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to affect the onset of puberty, and regulates sleep cycles
Thymus
Regulates development of the immune system
Adrenal Glands
Regulate the body’s salt and water balance and control the body’s emergency response

10. How the Endocrine System Works
The pancreas is an endocrine gland that secretes two hormones—glucagon and insulin—that regulate the level of glucose in the blood.
Pancreas
A gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems

11. The Pituitary: The Master Gland
Known as the master gland, the pituitary gland has three sections, or lobes: anterior, intermediate, and posterior.
Pituitary gland
Regulates and controls the activities of all other endocrine glands

12. The Pituitary: The Master Gland
Hormones produced by the pituitary gland play a significant role in determining height.

13. Anterior Lobe Stimulates normal body growth and development
The anterior, or front, lobe of the pituitary gland produces these hormones:
Somatotropic, or Growth Hormone
Stimulates normal body growth and development
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Stimulates production of hormones in the adrenal glands
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone
Stimulates production of all other sex hormones

14. Intermediate Lobe
The intermediate, or middle, lobe of the pituitary secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which controls the darkening of the pigments in the skin.

15. Intermediate Lobe
The posterior, or rear, lobe of the pituitary secretes antidiuretic hormone that
regulates the balance of water in the body, and
produces oxytocin, which stimulates the smooth muscles in the uterus during pregnancy, causing contractions during the birth of a baby.

16. The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands each have two parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
Adrenal glands
Help the body deal with stress and respond to emergencies

17. The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that
The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that
inhibit the amount of sodium excreted in urine and maintain blood volume and blood pressure
aid in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
influence the body’s response to stress
play a role in both the immune response and sexual function

18. The Adrenal Glands
The adrenal medulla secretes the hormones epinephrine (also called adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
Epinephrine increases heartbeat and respiration, raises blood pressure, and suppresses the digestive process during periods of high emotion.

19. Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
To keep your endocrine system working at its peak, you need to follow sound health practices.
Your endocrine health is directly related to your overall health.

20. Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
Tips for Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
Eat balanced meals to ensure that you get the nutrients you need.
Use stress-management techniques.
Get 8 ½ to 9 hours of sleep every night.
Engage in regular physical activity.
Have regular medical checkups.

21. Maintaining Your Endocrine Health
These Endocrine Disorders May Require Medication
Diabetes mellitus
Hypothyroidisim
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Overproduction of adrenal hormones

22. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
What are hormones?
Chemical substances produced in glands that help regulate many body functions

23. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
Name the hormone that stimulates normal growth and development.
Somatotropic hormone

24. After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary
What gland helps regulate the chemicals that control sleep?
Pineal gland