1. Hot Springs Public Meeting Reconstruction of US 18 & US 385
The highway through Hot Springs has not had a major rebuild for 50 to 80 years. I represent SDDOT and will be providing you possible scenarios for the different highway sections in Hot Springs. I will highlight some of the options in this presentation. Layouts are provided throughout the room for the different sections through the City. SDDOT personnel are also available to answer any questions you may have. This is only a preliminary meeting to get opinions and ideas from you. Please feel free to ask questions, or provide comments.
Paul Knofczynski, P.E. Project Identification Coordinator
South Dakota Department of Transportation

2. Project Locations Hot Springs
We are going to discuss two scheduled projects. The south project is for US18 and starts on the SE corner of town going through downtown and ends at the signal. The second project reconstructs US385, starts at the signal and follows River St north to Summit St.

3. Why are we here? Involve the public Discuss needs
Exchange ideas or needs
Why are we here? XXX
We are here to involve the public. We want your input on what you would like to see, what you think needs to be accomplished, and what is currently an issue. XXX
Discuss needs – Several aspects of the current highway are issues we plan to resolve with these projects. We will discuss them as we proceed through the presentation. XXX
Exchange ideas or needs – After this presentation, please review the layouts provided around the room. We have various personnel who can discuss options. However, we need you to document your concerns, so they are not forgotten.
The packet provided includes a comment sheet so you can provide feedback on any options provided, or other options we may not have yet considered. Also, postcards are provided if that is easier, or you can me directly. The is provided on the sheet as well.

4. Why do we need these projects?
Pavement condition
Capacity of the highway
Safety
Why do we need this projects? XXX
Pavement - Existing pavement is asphalt
– lasts 15 years and is currently years old so it is in need of replacement
Requires more maintenance Concrete preferred in urban locations XXX
Capacity – Lanes are narrow difficult to maneuver limited pedestrian access XXX
Safety – Parking is an issue roadway alignment is not ideal
signals lighting can cause glare
parking causes both pedestrian and vehicle issues

5. Existing Conditions Roadway section Sidewalk ROW width
Roadway Lighting
Traffic Signal
Intersecting roads
Current number of cars per day = 3,300 to 6,700
Future number of cars per day = 3,900 to 7,900
Let’s discuss what we have today.
Roadway section varies from 2 lanes to 4 lanes
Sidewalk along the route is limited or non-contiguous in many locations
ROW is tight along the majority of the project. As a result, there may be some easements and permanent ROW needs involved.
Lighting/Signals need to be upgraded
Some intersecting roads have poor connections, which may be modified as a result of construction.
ADT (Average Daily Traffic) – current = 3300 to 6700 & future (20 year projection) = 3900 to 7900

6. Discussion Items: Scope of work Construction Timing
Access: before, during, and after
Crash History
Parking/Roadway sections
Pedestrian facilities
Highway Route
Intersecting Roadways
Discussion topics:
Scope of work – what are we going to be looking at upgrading?
Construction Timing – how long will it take?
Access to businesses and homes
Crash History
Parking/Roadway sections
Pedestrian facilities (sidewalks)
Highway Route
Intersecting Roadways

7. Scope of Work Complete Urban Reconstruction
Replace asphalt pavement with concrete
Curb & gutter
Update storm sewer
Update lighting and traffic signal
Improve pedestrian facilities
Accommodate parking…
Scope of Work
Complete Urban Reconstruction
Replace asphalt pavement with PCC pavement for a longer lasting pavement Curb & gutter Storm sewer (draining water away from our ‘house’) Lighting and traffic signal Improve pedestrian facilities (sidewalks) Continue to accommodate parking (provide a garage) (where possible)

8. Construction Timing Currently Scheduled for 2017 and 2018
South project first, then north project
Timeline is being reviewed
(Pending any unforeseen issues)
The projects are currently scheduled for 2017 and 2018
We will construct the south project first, followed by the north project.
The timeline is being reviewed for constructability and may have to change.
schedule is tentative and is pending any unforeseen issues

9. Access to homes and businesses will be maintained in some fashion
Access to homes and businesses is important and will be maintained.
During: access will be provided in some manner, but may be limited at times
After: Access may have to be modified from existing conditions, or temporarily closed.
Parking may also be modified from existing
Approaches could be relocated or combined

10. Encroachments
Encroachments within the public Right of Way will addressed prior to Construction
Federal Highway Regulations require any public ROW to be clear of obstructions and not allow privately owned items on or in publicly owned property. A primary concern is improving safety. It is also enforced to provide statewide consistency regarding the ROW.
The City of Hot Springs is responsible for encroachment enforcement and is included in the
Maintenance & Encroachment Agreement with the City.

11. Crashes
Some crashes are unavoidable. XXX and some are not. However, we will do what we can to help reduce the number and the severity of crashes on the highway system. XXX
Our goal is to have no crashes at all on our highways.

12. Crash Data Data for 2010-2012 No Fatal Crashes 12 Injury Crashes
43 Property Damage Crashes
Crash rate ranges from 5.55 to 6.53
Crash rate, statewide average = 2.41
(similar type highway in SD)
Crash rates are calculated by the number and severity of crashes per million miles traveled.
Over this 3 year period, there were 27 crashes on US crash rate = 5.55
Over the same 3 year period there were 28 crashes on US crash rate = 6.53
Please note that the crash rates are much higher than typical for a similar urban principal arterial in SD. A large part of this difference is the amount of parking along the highway, and the ability for pedestrians to safely move along the route.

13. Types of Crashes Crash Type US 385 US18 (parking) US 18 (non-parking)
Hit Parked Car 7 1
15%
Parking Maneuver 6 4
19%
Approach Related 3
Rear End 9%
Pedestrian/Crosswalk 2
U Turn 2%
Tight corner 4%
Turning left on 4 Lane
The majority of the reported crashes (40 of the 55) are related to parking, pedestrians, sight distance, or are roadway related. XXX The crashes that are not shown on the table include medical issues, or weather related crashes (15 of the 55)

14. Parking
The highway through Hot Springs is also the business district, which necessitates parking. The question can be asked as to how much parking is needed? XXX As with building a house, the number of parking locations depends on the need. There would be no need to build a garage with 8 or 10 stalls, if you only have 2 or 3 vehicles. The same would hold true for parking needs on a roadway. Now, besides the number of parking spots, we also have to consider the type of parking used.

15. Different Types of Parking
Parallel Parking
There are various types of parking that can be allowed along a roadway. A couple, you are very familiar with, and are currently utilized in the city. They include parallel parking XXX, and diagonal parking XXX. Both types are widely used, however diagonal parking creates a significant number of crashes due to the inability to see traffic, when leaving the parking stall. As a result, we are considering a different type of parking.
Diagonal Parking

16. Different Types of Parking Reverse Diagonal Parking
The parking being considered is reverse diagonal parking. This parking method is being used more and more often within the cities in the US, due to the number of crashes that can be reduced. XXX (Explain how it works)
Advantages:
Better line of sight
Fewer crashes– a recent study in Pottstown PA found a 25% reduction in crsahes and a 43% reduction in crashes involving injuries, after changing to reverse diagonal parking.
Easier to access vehicle Unloading is easier
Disadvantages:
New concept, so may be confusing at first
Some do not like backing in, however all parking requires backing at some time
Here is video released by the Indianapolis DPWs regarding this parking.
Advantages
&
Disadvantages

17. Dan Burden from the Walkable and Livable Communities Institute
Head out angled parking
This video is from the Indianapolis Dept of Public Works. They explain how the parking works. This is not the first location they have transitioned, and more locations will transition later.

18. Which type of parking is better?
Diagonal vs. Parallel
Both affect traffic flow
Can see approaching traffic
Crash reduction
Diagonal vs. Reverse Diagonal
Same parking movement, but performed in opposite order
Driver has to back into a parking spot
View of approaching traffic
Reduces crashes
What type of parking is better?
Diagonal vs. Parallel
Both affect traffic flow
With parallel parking, the driver can see approaching traffic when leaving the parking spot.
Studies show changing diagonal parking to parallel parking reduces crashes 28%-63% (depending on the study)
Diagonal vs. Reverse Diagonal
Same parking movement, but performed backwards to each other
Reverse diagonal forces driver to back into a parking spot
Reverse diagonal gives better view of approaching traffic
Reverse diagonal parking reduces crashes due to backing
There has been several studies done to compare crash rates for the various types of parking. They show that changing diagonal parking to parallel parking can reduce crashes by 28 to 63 percent. And although there has not been a long term study performed for reverse diagonal parking, it is accepted that the crash reduction is even greater, if the parking is changed to this new method due to the ability to see and react to traffic.

19. Parking utilization was reviewed using a variety of methods and times
Parking Reviewed
Parking utilization was reviewed using a variety of methods and times
Parking utilization was reviewed using a variety of methods:
Right of Way photos taken for this project
Arial photos from Google
Google driving photos
Arial photos used for ArcMap
(2008 & 2010 versions)
Driving photos used for Pathview
(2010 & 2011 versions)
Results of these reviews can be found at each layout throughout the room.
The layouts include the number of existing parking spaces, and the proposed number, based on the layout shown.

20. Sections will vary throughout each project
Typical Sections and Parking
Sections will vary throughout each project
A typical section shows the cross section of the street. The typical section through Hot Springs changes throughout the length. This slide and the following slides, show possible typical sections for various locations throughout the project. This section is typical for a 3 lane section (2 through lanes, with a center turn lane). This is the preferred section for the project from 18B, north toward the downtown district.
3 lane section with through lanes & a center left turn lane and no parking allowed

21. Typical Sections and Parking
This section shows 2 through lanes, a center turn lane, and parallel parking. A possible scenario for the down town section.
2 lane section with turn lanes and parallel parking

22. Typical Sections and Parking
This section shows what reverse diagonal parking would look like. The section also shows space on the roadway for bicyclists, just for example.
2 lane section with reverse diagonal parking and width available for commuting bicycles

23. Highway Realignment Considered
There is a hot spot of parking and pedestrian crashes located in front of the post office. The current traffic must flow past this location as shown. XXX As a result, there is a consideration to realign the highway from Jennings, to extend along River Street to US18 to help reduce conflict points along the highway. The traffic would flow as shown here. XXX This would also result in moving the signal from its current location, west one block to the new intersection of the highways. Would also require the replacement of the structure over Fall River.
This alignment change would necessitate the replacement of the Jennings Street structure.

24. Intersecting Roadways
Another detail that the Department reviews when reconstructing a highway, is the connection to local roadways. The concern is in sight distance, confusion to the driver, and the ability for vehicles to turn onto and off the highway, without affecting traffic. There are several roadways that do not line up with the current highway, and those connections will be reviewed for correction at this time.

25. Intersecting Roadways
This layout shows another possible realignment of intersecting roadways. The offset of the two roadways shown are not ideal, and other alignments could be considered.

26. Right of Way (ROW) Will use existing ROW where feasible
ROW needs will be discussed in more detail at individual Landowner Meetings
DOT will meet with affected landowners 2 or more times regarding the project
Appraisals
Negotiations
The project will utilize existing ROW where feasible
ROW needs will be discussed in more detail at individual Landowner Meetings & will include:
Design/Access details such as driveway location or width, fence, etc.
Encroachment issues
Right of Way needs
We will meet with the landowners 2 or more times regarding the project.
Appraisals
Negotiations

27. Utilities Utilities will be coordinated with construction
Various utilities are located throughout the project. They can include water, sewer, power, cable, gas, and others. Each utility needs to be coordinated with the construction of the project. Utility conflicts are reviewed and resolutions determined before construction, when possible.

28. City Work to be Coordinated
City contract let in combination with the State contract
Work performed at same time as roadway work
Upgrades include both water and sewer facilities, and are still being reviewed. Upgrades will likely include several different locations.
While the roadway is being reconstructed, and the pavement removed, the City is planning to upgrade some City facilities. These include water and sewer upgrades (locations and extent of upgrades are yet to be determined).
The prime contractor will be responsible for all work on both projects and the project will be completed concurrently.

29. Lane Capacity 2 lane section: up to 8,000 cars/day
Lane capacity is the number of vehicles a lane can handle during one 24 hour period. The Highway Capacity Manual states that two lanes will handle up to 3200 cars in an hour. and the SDDOT design manual states that a 3 lane roadway will handle up to 16,000 ADT (cars a day)
The highway in Hot Springs has a future daily traffic of 3900 to 7900 cars each day which can easily be handled by a two lane roadway. A three lane section is always considered when there is high traffic and turning traffic can be an issue to traffic flow.
Future ADT: 3,900 to 7,900

30. Costs Current programmed cost (2014 STIP):
$ M – US 385 (north project)
$ M – US 18 (south project)
Programmed costs do not currently include:
Realignment of US 385
Structure replacement
Costs
2014
North – 6.647M
South – 6.387M
Does not include realignment or structure

31. Environmental, Social, and Economic Concerns
Section 4(f) property: parks, refuges, and historic sites
Section 4(f) Property: Federal Regulations requires that the ‘project will include all possible planning to minimize harm to publicly owned parks, recreational areas, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, or public and private historical sites’
In addition, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act required federal actions to consider the effects of projects on historic properties.
Section 106: National Historic Preservation Act

32. Environmental, Social, and Economic Concerns
Hot Springs has a large historic districts which includes the majority of the north project. Impacts to historic structures and properties will be evaluated during the design process.
Historic Districts

33. Environmental, Social, and Economic Concerns
Contaminated Materials: In urban locations, there is always a chance that there may be underground tanks, or the material close to tanks is contaminated that is encountered during construction. We would need to resolve the contamination during construction.
Contaminated materials are always a concern

34. Summary of Changes Change pavement from asphalt to concrete
Improved pedestrian facilities
Parking modifications
Modify lane configurations
Realignment of US 385/move signal location
Realignment of intersecting streets
Modification of lighting
Potential bridge modification
Reduce crashes
Summary of Changes
Change pavement from asphalt to concrete
Improved pedestrian facilities
Parking modifications
Realignment of US 385/move signal location
Realignment of intersecting streets
Modification of lighting
Potential bridge modification
Reduce crashes

35. Questions?

36. Wednesday, June 26, 2013 Website Submit Comments by:
Submit Comments by:
Wednesday, June 26, 2013
Leave in box on front table
Mail: Paul Knofczynski SDDOT E Broadway Ave Pierre, SD 57501
This presentation will be provided on our website, hopefully by tomorrow. It will also include the layouts shown at this meeting.
We are looking for any comments you may have, good or bad. You packet includes a comment sheet attached to the back, which you can either leave in the box on the front table, mail to me at the address provided at the top, or simply send me an at the address provided. We need to receive any comments by Wednesday, June 26th to keep the project on schedule. The comments will be reviewed and we will be back in the fall to provide you with the direction we have come up with.
Any and all comments are appreciated.
Thank you for your attendance.