1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914
THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM TO THE FACTORY SYSTEM

2. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
PREDECESSOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: CHANGES IN THEORY AND MACHINERY.

3. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

4. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
NEW CROPS
CHARLES TOWNSHEND – CROP ROTATION
COMPLIMENTARY CROPS (CLOVER &TURNIPS – WHEAT & BARLEY)
JETHRO TULL – SEED DRILL
IRON PLOWS
MECHANICAL REAPERS AND THRESHERS
ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

5. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT
THE FENCING OFF OF PUBLIC LANDS BY LANDOWNERS (1700’S).
AGRICULTURE BECAME MORE EFFICIENT.
EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW CROPS.
FEWER FARM WORKERS NEEDED.

6. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT: RESULTS
MORE FOOD, BETTER DIET, IMPROVED HEALTH
RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
INCREASED DEMAND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS
UNEMPLOYED FARMERS = LARGE NEW LABOR FORCE

7. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
DOMESTIC SYSTEM (COTTAGE INDUSTRY)
WOOL/COTTON CLOTH MANUFACTURED IN THE HOME.
ENTREPRENEURS DELIVERED RAW MATERIALS.
FAMILIES CLEANED RAW MATERIAL, SPUN THREAD AND WOVE CLOTH.
THIS SYSTEM COULD NOT KEEP UP WITH DEMAND.

8. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS
JOHN KAY
FLYING SHUTTLE
1733
SPED UP WEAVING PROCESS
WEAVERS USE THREAD FASTER THAN SPINNERS COULD PRODUCE IT
JAMES HARGREAVES
SPINNING JENNY
1764
SPED UP THE SPINNING PROCESS
A PERSON COULD SPIN SEVERAL THREADS AT ONCE

9. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION FLYING SHUTTLE

10. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING JENNY

11. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS
RICHARD ARKWRIGHT
WATER FRAME
1769
100 SPINDLES DRIVEN BY WATER POWER
INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION
SAMUEL CROMPTON
SPINNING MULE
1779
USED FEATURES OF THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE WATER FRAME
INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION

12. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WATER FRAME

13. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING MULE

14. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS
EDWARD CARTWRIGHT
POWER LOOM
1785
LOOM IN WHICH THE WEAVING ACTION WAS POWERED BY WATER
A WORKER COULD PRODUCE 200 TIMES MORE CLOTH IN A DAY
ELI WHITNEY
COTTON GIN
1793
MACHINE THAT TORE FIBERS FROM SEEDS TO CLEAN THE RAW COTTON
SPED UP THE PROCESS OF CLEANING COTTON FIBER

15. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POWER LOOM

16. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COTTON GIN

17. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
FACTORY SYSTEM
WORKERS AND MACHINES BROUGHT TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE
INVESTORS BUILT LARGE BUILDINGS TO HOUSE MACHINES
WORKERS HAD A SET NUMBER OF HOURS TO WORK
WORKERS WERE PAID DAILY OR WEEKLY WAGES

18. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE

19. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE
1698-THOMAS SAVERY-STEAM DRIVEN PUMP-REMOVE WATER FROM FLOODED COAL MINES
EARLY 1700’S-THOMAS NEWCOMEN –SAFER STEAM POWERED PUMP
1760’S-JAMES WATT-IMPROVED NEWCOMEN ENGINE, PRODUCED 4 TIMES THE POWER AND STEAM BECAME AN EFFICENT POWER SOURCE

20. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COAL AND IRON
EARLY 1700’S-ABRAHAM DARBY-DEVELOPED A WAY TO USE A FORM OF COAL, INSTEAD OF CHARCOAL, TO SMELT THE IRON. IRON IS BETTER QUALITY AND CHEAPER TO PRODUCE
DARBY MADE IRON
1850’S-HENRY BESSEMER-’PROCESS’ CREATED STRONGER, CHEAPER STEEL

21. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION
CANAL-1759-DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER
ROAD SURFACE-1700’S-JOHN MCADAM
RAILROAD-1829-GEORGE STEPHENSON ‘ROCKET’ TRAVELED AT 36 MPH! BETWEEN 1850 AND 1860 BRITAIN BUILT OVER 5000 MILES OF RAILROAD TRACK
STEAMSHIP-1807-ROBERT FULTON
TELEGRAPH-1837-SAMUEL F.B. MORSE
INEXPENSIVE POSTAL SYSTEM IN BRITAIN

22. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LOCOMOTIVE & STEAMSHIP
Why were railroads improvements over canals?

23. WHY DID BRITAIN LEAD THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION = MORE FOOD
AVAILABLE LABOR POOL
PLENTY OF COAL & IRON
EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
MERCHANT TRADITION
CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT
LARGE COLONIAL EMPIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS
COLONIAL EMPIRE WAS A MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS

24. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BRITAIN’S REIGN AS A WORLD POWER BEGINS