1. Aim: How do enzymes work?

2. Aim: How do enzymes work?
Enzymes are a particular kind of protein that have the ability to catalyze reactions in living organisms.
Proteins are very long chain molecules made up of amino acid building blocks.
The protein chain is folded in a complex three dimensional shape known as its tertiary
structure.
Work with your group and write everything you know about amino acids.
There are 20 amino acids. They differ by what is on the central carbon. All amino acids contain a N atom in the chemical formula. Amino acids come into our body as food that we eat. Proteins are made up of amino acids. Twenty amino acids arrange.

3. What do you know about amino acids?
Group work - 1 minute
How many proteins can you make with 20 amino acids?
Activity: Let students use numbers to represent amino acids. Let students make a chain of numbers in any arrangement, any length so they get the idea that there can be thousands of different chemical proteins.

4. They differ by what is on the central carbon.
There are 20 amino acids.
They differ by what is on the central carbon.
All amino acids contain a N atom in the chemical formula.
Amino acids come into our body as food that we eat.
Proteins are made up of amino acids. Twenty amino acids arranged in an endless array yields an infinite number of proteins.
Digestive enzymes are proteins

5. The Digestive Enzymes Mouth Stomach Small intestine (from pancreas)
Section 38-2
Site
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine (from pancreas)
Small intestine
Enzyme
Role in Digestion
Salivary amylase
Pepsin
Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase
Maltase, sucrase, lactase
Peptidase
Breaks down starches into disaccharides
Breaks down proteins into large peptides
Continues the breakdown of starch
Continues the breakdown of protein
Breaks down fat
Breaks down remaining disaccharides into monosaccharides
Breaks down dipeptides into amino acids.
Discuss conditions of pH and temperature

6. ENZYMES
There are more than 3,000 known enzymes in the human body. The body’s ability to function and repair itself is directly related to the strength and number of enzymes that are present. Every second, they are changing and renewing, sometimes at unbelievable rates.
The function of enzymes – promote chemical reaction by breaking bonds or putting bonds in place.

7. The enzyme shape fits the shape of the substance it will break down.
Because enzymes are proteins and there made up of many (100’s) of amino acids they chain can fold on itself to form a particular shape.
The enzyme lipase catalyses the breakdown of fatty acids.
Proteins have a three dimensional shape.

8. Enzymes work in specific ways
Substrate is what will be digested (broken down) by the specific enzyme
Activity: students will make an enzyme. Make parts so that they fit. Each groups enzymes will not fit another groups substrate.
Example: enzyme is lipase, substrate is fat

9. Enzyme action
The enzyme and substrate come together at the active site.
The shape of the enzyme fits the shape of the substrate

10. Digestive enzymes
..break down larger molecules into smaller ones

11. Products are … ..different from what we started with
Go to internet site

12. Real life application of enzymes
Many biological washing powders contain enzymes to help with the removal of stains. The enzyme may be a protease to break down protein stains or a lipase to break down fat and oil (lipids) stains.

13. Digestion of starch
Starch is a much larger molecule. Digestion breaks the bonds between the units.

14. Salivary Amylase
This enzyme breaks the bonds that hold the polymer together

15. Digestion of starch produces simple sugars

16. Enzymes are proteins
Enzymes are needed for synthesis also.

17. Protease digests proteins
All enzymes have a particular shape that fits the molecules they act on.