1. Cells
Animal and Plant Cells

2. Cell Structure & Function

3. Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

4. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

5. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

6. “Typical” Animal Cell

7. Cell Parts
Organelles

8. Surrounding the Cell

9. Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
Double layer

10. Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
Supports & protects cells

11. Inside the Cell

12. Nucleus Directs cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material - DNA

13. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers
Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

14. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

15. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

16. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Contains hereditary material

17. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

18. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins
Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

19. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

20. Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

21. Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

22. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape

23. “Typical” Plant Cell

24. Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place

25. Cell Division

26. MITOSIS

27. Mitosis
The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

28. Mitosis can be divided into stages
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase & Cytokinesis

29. Interphase The cell prepares for division
Animal Cell
DNA replicated
Organelles replicated
Cell increases in size

30. Interphase
Photographs from:

31. Prophase The cell prepares for nuclear division
Animal Cell
Packages DNA into chromosomes

32. Prophase
Photographs from:

33. Metaphase The cell prepares chromosomes for division
Animal Cell
Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere

34. Metaphase
Photographs from:

35. Anaphase The chromosomes divide
Animal Cell
Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart
½ of each chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell

36. Anaphase
Photographs from:

37. Telophase The cytoplasm divides
Animal Cell
DNA spreads out
2 nuclei form
Cell wall pinches in to form the 2 new daughter cells

38. Telophase Plant Cell Animal Cell
Photographs from:

39. Mitosis Animation

40. Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase                                                             
Prophase                                                             
Metaphase                                                             
Anaphase                                                             
Telophase                                                             

41. Cell Specialization
tics/cellspecialization/
cell specialization is an adaptation to do a particular job in a cell
Examples: lung cells, heart cells, muscle cells, blood cells, bone cells

42. Stem Cells
Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types.
Two Types of Stem Cells:
Adult stem cells exist throughout the body after embryonic development and are found inside of different types of tissue.
Embryonic stem cells are derived from a four- or five- day-old human embryo that is in the blastocyst phase of development.