1. 1300’S ( 14TH) NORTHERN ITALY LATER IN NORTHERN EUROPE
RENAISSANCE
1300’S ( 14TH)
NORTHERN ITALY
LATER IN NORTHERN EUROPE

2. Renaissance French for “re-birth” “reawakening”
Term first used by artist and historian
VASARI – used term to describe the art of “ rare men of genius”
TERM CAME TO BE USED TO DESCRIBE MANY ASPECTS OF LIFE

3. Rebirth/ Reawakening Of an interest in Classical civilization
Greek and Roman

4. WHY NORTHERN ITALY? NO 100 YRS WAR
CLOSE TO ROME- reminder of Classical civilization
UNIVERSITIES- scholars
HAD MONEY…MONEY …MONEY- money from… coming up

5. City- states Northern Italian cities were city- states WHO?
GENOA, VENICE, MILAN, AND
FLORENCE
CITIES WERE RULED BY OLIGARCHIES OR SIGNORIS WHO HAD CONDOTTIERI

6. FLORENCE
Was the city that led the Renaissance

7. MONEY FROM SHIPPING- ?? Place of revival of long distance trade
TRADE – wool trade
BANKING-

8. Renaissance
Was about change:
Social
Political
Economic

9. Renaissance included new attitudes
INDIVIDUALISM
SECULARISM
HUMANISM

10. THESE NEW ATTITUDES WERE FOUND IN THE UPPER CLASS/URBAN NOBILITY
EASIEST WAY TO UNDERSTAND THE NEW ATTITUDES IS TO LOOK AT THE ATTITUDES OF THE MIDDLE AGES FIRST

11. MIDDLE AGES /RENAISSANCE
-MIDDLE AGES: ATTITUDE : THE PARISH- THE GROUP- WE- CONFORMITY- CONSENSUS
RENAISSANCE: INDIVIDUALISM
I AM IMPORTANT
IT IS OK TO BE FAMOUS

12. IT IS OK TO BE DIFFERENT
NEW ART FORMS: INDIVIDUAL PORTRAITS
NEW FORM OF LITERATURE: AUTOBIOGRAPHY

13. 2nd comparison MIDDLE AGES: THE PURPOSE OF STUDY WAS TO KNOW GOD
SOURCE OF STUDY- THE BIBLE

14. RENAISSANCE ATTITUDE HUMANISM PURPOSE OF STUDY IS TO KNOW MAN
SOURCE OF INFO – THE CLASSICS
( writings of Greeks and Romans)
THE FATHER OF HUMANISM WAS PETRARCH

15. HUMANISM
MIRANDOLA WROTE THAT “ ON THE DIGNITY OF MAN” … MAN CAN DO ALL THINGS… … HUMAN POTENTIAL IS LIMITLESS

16. LAST NEW ATTITUDE SECULARISM
MIDDLE AGE ATTITUDE
RELIGION- HEAVEN- SALVATION- THE SOUL
SECULARISM
WORLDY POSSESSIONS- OK!
EMHASIS ON THE HERE AND NOW

17. MONEY- LUXURIES ARE OK!!
LORENZO VALLA – AUTHOR OF
“ON PLEASURE”
- SAID THAT PLEASURE WAS THE HIGHEST GOOD… (yikes!)

18. In addition to the new attitudes
New forms of vernacular writing:
“How to” books….
THE COURTIER- BY CASTIGLIONE
WAS A BOOK ON HOW TO BE A GENTLEMAN
A GENTLEMAN SHOULD BE ABLE TO :

19. DANCE
FIGHT
RECITE POETRY
SPEAK WELL .. AND KNOW THE CLASSICS

20. Another “how to” book THE PRINCE AUTHOR: MACHIAVELLI
“perhaps the most famous book written during the Renaissance”
The Prince was about how to
Gain, use and keep POWER

21. Political action cannot be judged by morality but should be judged on how effective the political action/ power is
“the end justifies the means”
Meaning?
Power and ruthlessness are more important than idealism

22. “ It is better to be feared than loved”
Meaning?
“The end justifies the means”

23. The word MACHIAVELLIAN today means
Ruthless, crafty… willing to do whatever it takes to achieve goals
Two later important historical figures used Machiavelli’s ideas:
RICHELIEAU AND BISMARCK

24. THE ART
The most famous part of the Renaissance

25. MEDIEVAL ART RELIGIOUS STIFF- FORMAL SOME TAPESTRIES ( in castles)
IN CHURCHES
AUDIENCE: because art was in churches- everyone

26. Most notable aspect of the Renaissance was the ART
ITALIANS WERE WILLING TO SPEND A LOT OF MONEY ON ART
ART COMMUNICATED SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC VALUES
ITALIAN BANKING AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE FAMILIES HAD MONEY
ART WAS USED AS A FORM OF COMPETITION – AMONG A NEW CLASS OF PEOPLE= URBAN NOBILITY

27. RENAISSANCE ART PATRONS: THE WEALTHY ( URBAN NOBILTY) THE CHURCH
GUILDS

28. STYLES AND TECHNIQUES PERSPECTIVE LIGHT AND SHADING “CHIAROSCURO”
REVIVAL OF CLASSICAL STYLES
THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN BODY
GEOMETRICAL ARRANGEMENT OF FIGURES
NEW OIL BASED PAINT
AT FIRST EMPAHSIZED RELIGIOUS THEMES

29. LATER THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN BODY LATER STILL… MYTHS…
INDIVIDUAL PORTRAITS
GROUP PORTRAITS

30. GIOTTO ITALIAN “LED THE WAY” “FATHER OF RENAISSANCE PAINTING”
USE OF REALISM
ROUNDED, MORE HUMAN LIKE
A BIT OF EMOTION

31. THE MEETING AT THE GOLDEN GATE

33. What characteristics of Ren art can you see?

35. DONATELLO FATHER OF MODERN SCULPTURE
THE FIRST FREE STANDING STATUE SINCE CLASSICAL TIME

36. YOUNG DAVID

39. What characteristics of Ren art can you see?

42. Mary Magdalene

43. That was different

44. MASACCIO “FATHER” OF MODERN PAINTING FIRST NUDES SINCE CLASSICAL TIME
USE OF LIGHT AND DARK-CHIAROSCURO
REALISM …well
EXPANDED ON GIOTTO’S WORK
FIRST TO “ really” USE PERSPECTIVE

45. NEED TO KNOW EXPULSION FROM THE GARDEN ( Adam and Eve)
Renaissance characteristics??

46. THE TRIBUTE
( scene shows Jesus and Apostles- Jesus was asked the question about taxes)

49. GHIBERTI
DESIGNER OF THE BRONZE DOORS FOR THE CATHEDRAL IN FLORENCE

51. DOESN’T LOOK LIKE MUCH…. BUT

53. BRUNELLESCHI
COMMISSIONED TO BUILD A CATHEDRAL( Duomo) DOME BY CLOTH MERCHANTS IN FLORENCE
USED THE PANTHEON AS A MODEL
-what was the Pantheon ?

55. NTK Michelangelo, Raphael and Da Vinci
All worked in Rome around the year 1500-
The time ( 1500) is often revered to as the “High Renaissance” because of the greatness of the works created by all three artists

56. MICHELANGELO
SCULPTOR
ARCHITECT
PAINTER

57. THE PIETA

59. Check out the detail

60. DAVID

65. Michelangelo was an architect
You need to know that he designed…

66. DESIGNER OF ST. PETER’S DOME

68. INSIDE THE DOME

70. THE SISTINE CHAPEL
WHAT WAS MICHELANGELO SAYING??

74. THE LAST JUDGMENT

79. DA VINCI BEST EXAMPLE OF A RENAISSANCE MAN
DID MANY THINGS AND DID MANY THINGS WELL

80. THE MOST FAMOUS PAINTING IN THE WORLD MONA LISA

81. SELF PORTRAIT

82. THE ANNUNCIATION

84. VITRUVIAN MAN
NAME “VITRUVIAN” IS TAKEN FROM THAT OF A FIRST CENTURY ROMAN ARCHITECT AND ENGINEER WHO USED SQUARES AND CIRCLES TO SHOW THE BODY’S SYMMETRY.

86. THE LAST SUPPER

87. THE SKETCHBOOK
HUMAN ANATOMY
INVENTIONS
MANY MILITARY DESIGNS

90. The Grotesques

91. RAPHAEL
THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS

92. RAPHAEL MADONNAS THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS ( located in the Vatican)
Shows Plato and Aristotle surrounded by other great philosophers and scientists

96. Who does the baby Jesus look like?

98. ADD THIS NAME…

99. BOTTECELLI PRIMAVERA

102. THE BIRTH OF VENUS