2.  Cause:  Cause: a person or thing that produces an effect. Aquello que se considera como fundamento u origen de algo. Ex: Joe became really tired.  Effect:  Effect: a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause. Resultado de una causa o consecuencia. Ex: Joe went to sleep early.

3. Can be expressed with linking words which introduce cause or effect:  Verbs and verb phrases  Conjunctions and adverbs  Prepositions Can be expressed with linking words which introduce cause or effect:  Verbs and verb phrases  Conjunctions and adverbs  Prepositions

4. Resulte in Lie behind Produce Lead to Give rise to Generate Bring about EFFECT

5.  Summer clubs for school students in the UK have led to a decrease in the crime rate. EFFECT  A poor diet will result in health problems. EFFECT

6. Arise from Stem from Come from Be based on CAUSE

7.  Her attitude stems from her background. CAUSE.  The success of the company is based on the employees´ hard work and enthusiasm CAUSE

8. These conjunctions are the most important ones which show relationship between cause and effect. Becauseassince clause while so effect. Because, as and since, are used to introduce a clause while so is used to introduce effect. So Since as Because

9.  She got to the top in her career because EFFECT she spoke to all the right people. CAUSE  He is ambitious, so he does not mind staying late at CAUSE EFFECT work most evenings. EFFECT

10. Because of Owing to For Due to Examples: Rosie got the job because of her pleasant manner. Owing to the storms, all trains have been cancelled. I couldn´t sleep for worrying.

11. Aim Outcome Basis Purpose Result Reason Motive Explanation Consequences EFFECT

12.  The aim of the programme was to give students work experience.  His laziness is the reason why he is not a successful as he could be.