1. LIBRARY & INTERNET RESEARCH

2. HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOUR LIBRARY?
OPENING AND CLOSING TIMES
LOCATIONS
BOOK LOANS
PENALTIES
JOURNAL AND DATABASES
HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOUR LIBRARY?
LIBRARY STAFF
REFERENCE BOOKS
LIBRARY CATALOGUE
OPAC
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

3. LIBRARY RESEARCH HOW BOOKS ARE ORGANIZED IN LIBRARY?
DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (DDC)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SYSTEM (LLC)

4. a. DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (DDC)
Use numbers from 000 to 999 to classify materials into 10 major groups by subject matter.
General Philosophy
Religion Social Science
Language Science
Useful Arts Fine Arts
Literature History

5. Each major grouping is further divided into 10
Science :
510 Mathematics Astronomy
530 Physics Chemistry
550 Geology Fossils
570 Life Sciences Botanical Sciences
590 Zoology

6. Then they have further subdivision.
510 Mathematics :
512 Algebra
513 Arithmetic
514 Topology
515 Analysis/Calculus
516 Geometry
519 Probability/Statistics, Numerical
Analysis

7. Other Example 570 Life Sciences 574 Biology 574.1 Physiology
574.2 pathology
574.3 Development and Maturation
574.4 Anatomy
574.5 Ecology
574.6 Economy Biology

8. b. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SYSTEM (LLC)
A - General works (Encyclopedias and other
reference)
B - Philosophy, Psychology and Religion
C – History: Auxiliary sciences (archeology,
genealogy, etc)
D – History: General, non-American
E – American history (general)
F – American history (local)

9. G – Geography/Anthropology
H – Social sciences (sociology, business,
economics)
J – Political sciences
K – Law
L – Education
M – Music
N – Fine arts (art and architecture)
P – Language/Literature

10. Q – Sciences
R – Medicine
S – Agriculture
T – Technology
U – Military science
V – Naval science
Z – Bibliography/Library science

11. Q Science QA Mathematics and Computing QC Physic QD Chemistry
QE Geology

12. 7 steps of research process:
i. Identify and develop your topic
State your topic idea as a question.
Identify the main concepts or keywords in your question.
ii. Find the background information
use encyclopedias and dictionaries
TIP: EXPLOIT BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Michael Engle of Cornell University Library
simple and effective strategy for finding information for a research paper and documenting the sources you find.
e.g.
If you are interested in the research about the use of alcholic beverages by university students.
Set the topic into question as “ What are the effects of the usage of alcoholic beverages by university students?”
ii help you understand the broader context of your research and tell you in general terms what is known about your topic
most common background sources are encyclopedias and dictionaries from the print and online reference collection
- Look up your keywords in the indexes to subject encyclopedias.
- Read articles in these encyclopedias to set the context for your research.
- Note any relevant items in the bibliographies at the end of the encyclopedia articles.
TIP: EXPLOIT BIBLIOGRAPHIES

13. iii.Use catalogs to find books and media
Use keyword searching to find materials by topic or subject
write down the citation (author, title,etc.) and the location information (call number and library).
Note the circulation status
- find the location and call number of books
iii. pull the book from the shelf, scan the bibliography for additional sources.

14. iv. Use indexes to find periodical articles
Periodicals are continuous publications such as journals, newspapers, or magazines. - use periodical indexes and abstracts to find citations to articles
v.Find internet resources
Use search engines
iv. They are issued regularly (daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly).

15. vi. Evaluate what you find critically analyze information sources
Initial appraisal
- author, date of publication, edition or revision, publisher, title of journal
b. Content analysis
- Intended audience, objective reasoning, coverage, writing style, evaluative reviews
Bibliographic citations characteristically have three main components: author, title, and publication information
a. Initial appraisal
Author
- educational background, past writings, or experience? Is the book or article written on a topic in the author's area of expertise?
- Has your instructor mentioned this author?
Date of publication
- When was the source published?
- Is the source current or out-of-date for your topic?
Edition or Revision
- Is this a first edition of this publication or not?
- Further editions indicate a source has been revised and updated to reflect changes in knowledge
- many printings or editions may indicate that the work has become a standard source in the area and is reliable
Publisher
- If the source is published by a university press, it is likely to be scholarly
Title of Journal
- Is this a scholarly or a popular journal?
b. Content Analysis
Intended Audience
- What type of audience is the author addressing?
- Is the publication aimed at a specialized or a general audience?
- Is this source too elementary, too technical, too advanced, or just right for your needs?
Objective Reasoning
- Is the information covered fact, opinion, or propaganda?
- Does the information appear to be valid and well-researched
- Are the ideas and arguments advanced more or less in line with other works you have read on the same topic?
- Is the author's point of view objective and impartial?
- Is the language free of emotion-arousing words and bias?
Coverage
- Does the work update other source or add new information?
Writing Style
- Is the publication organized logically?
- Are the main points clearly presented?
Evaluative Reviews
- Do the various reviewers agree on the value or attributes of the book or has it aroused controversy among the critics?

16. vii. Cite what you find using a standard format
gives proper credit to the authors of the materials used
allows those who are reading your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have listed as references.
* Knowingly representing the work of others as your own is plagarism
vii. Citing or documenting the sources used in your research serves two purposes
- proper credit to the authors of the materials used
- allows those who are reading your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have listed as references
representing the work of others as your own is plagarism

17. REFERENCING

18. How to cite/reference material
Different fields use different styles for formatting information:
Books
Conference Papers & Theses
Reports
Journal Articles
Magazine & Newspapers
Audiovisual
Others (Webpages, Legal Materials, Course Handouts
Figures and Tables

19. APA REFERENCING
The American Psychological Association reference style uses the Author-Date format.
When quoting directly or indirectly from a source, the source must be acknowledged in the text by author name and year of publication.
If quoting directly, a location reference such as page number(s) or paragraph number is also required.

20. IN-TEXT
Direct quotation – use quotation marks around the quote and include page numbers
Samovar and Porter (1997) point out that "language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (p.188). Alternatively, “Language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (Samovar & Porter, 1997, p.188).
Indirect quotation/paraphrasing – no quotation marks
Attaching meaning to symbols is considered to be the origin of written language (Samovar & Porter, 1997).
Citations from a secondary source
As Hall (1977) asserts, “culture also defines boundaries of different groups” (as cited in Samovar and Porter, 1997, p. 14).

21. EXAMPLES OF REFERENCES BY TYPE
In a reference list
In-text citation
1. Book with one author
King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A life of Janet Frame. Auckland, New Zealand: Viking.
(King, 2000) or
King (2000) compares Frame .
2. Book with two to five authors
Krause, K.-L., Bochner, S., & Duchesne, S. (2006). Educational psychology for learning and teaching (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Thomson
(Krause, Bochner, & Duchesne,
2006)
then
(Krause et al., 2006)

22. He who asks a question is a fool for five minutes; he who does not ask a question remains a fool forever
-proverb-