2. “In order for a firefighter to survive the dangers of fire fighting, he must know how other firefighters have died or been seriously injured.” Chief Dunn, FDNY Bottle On….Pass On

3. Firefighter Fatalities in the United States Bottle On….Pass On

4. Fatalities by Type of Duty

5. Cause of Fatal Injury Bottle On….Pass On

6. Fatalities by Fixed Property Use Bottle On….Pass On

7. Case Studies Memphis, TN Memphis, TN Biloxi, MI Biloxi, MI Chesapeake, VA Chesapeake, VA Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. Bottle On….Pass On

8. Memphis, TN 2 Firefighters Killed 2 Firefighters Killed Problems: Problems: –Accountability –Entrapment (Entanglement) –Equipment –Flashover Bottle On….Pass On

9. Biloxi, MI 2 Firefighters Killed 2 Firefighters Killed Problems: Problems: –Accountability –Flashover –Freelancing –No Use of P.A.S.S. Device Bottle On….Pass On

10. Chesapeake, VA 2 Firefighters Killed 2 Firefighters Killed Problems: Problems: –Accountability –Trapped (Collapse) Bottle On….Pass On

11. Washington, D.C. 1 Firefighter Killed 1 Firefighter Killed Problems: Problems: –Accountability –Freelancing –Equipment (malfunctioning radio) Bottle On….Pass On

12. Objective Provide personnel with information related to: Fireground Awareness Fireground Awareness Personal Equipment Personal Equipment Self-Rescue Techniques Self-Rescue Techniques Bottle On….Pass On

13. Fireground Awareness Building Construction Building Construction Flashover Flashover Accountability Accountability Bottle On….Pass On

14. Building Construction Size-up - First step toward avoiding repeat tragedies Size-up - First step toward avoiding repeat tragedies Need to be knowledgeable of construction features Need to be knowledgeable of construction features Bottle On….Pass On

15. Bars on Windows Bars on Windows Locked Doors Locked Doors Building Collapse - Expect the Unexpected Building Collapse - Expect the Unexpected 24.5% of Firefighter Deaths in 1997 Resulted From? Becoming Trapped! Bottle On….Pass On

16. Flashover Accounted for 5.3% of Firefighter Deaths in 1997 Accounted for 5.3% of Firefighter Deaths in 1997 Flashover Temperature - 2000°F Flashover Temperature - 2000°F –PBI Affected - 1200°F –Nomex Breaks Down - 750°F –Skin Burns - 124°F Bottle On….Pass On

17. Flashover Survival Tactics Understanding Fire Behavior Understanding Fire Behavior Quick Recognition of Potential Flashover Conditions Quick Recognition of Potential Flashover Conditions Rapid, Immediate Escape Rapid, Immediate Escape Adequate Ventilation - Generally Increases Survival Odds Adequate Ventilation - Generally Increases Survival Odds WATER KILLS FLASHOVER!! WATER KILLS FLASHOVER!! Bottle On….Pass On

18. Proper Use of P.A.R.S. Proper Use of P.A.R.S. No Freelancing No Freelancing –What is my objective? –Where am I suppose to be located? –Who am I working for? 25% of Firefighter Fatalities Due to a lack of Accountability 25% of Firefighter Fatalities Due to a lack of Accountability Accountability Bottle On….Pass On

19. Proper Wearing of PPE Proper Wearing of PPE Other Essential Equipment Other Essential Equipment P.A.S.S. P.A.S.S. –Of the Firefighter Fatalities in 1995, 78% had P.A.S.S Devices Which Were Not Turned On! Personal Equipment Bottle On….Pass On

20. Warning: The self-rescue techniques that will be discussed and demonstrated are to be only used during actual fire incidents, in which firefighters are placed in an imminent life-threatening situation. Bottle On….Pass On

21. Disentanglement Disentanglement –Front –Back –Wire Cut Ladder Slide Ladder Slide Hose Slide Hose Slide Hang and Drop Hang and Drop Drywall Breach Drywall Breach Self-Rescue Techniques Bottle On….Pass On

24. CREDITS The information for this presentation was compiled from the following sources: “MAYDAY” Firefighter Down (Draft Program), VA Department of Fire Programs Essentials of Safety and Survival Techniques, Montgomery County (MD) Fire and Rescue Saving Our Own - Techniques for Firefighter Rescue, Illinois Fire Service Institute USFA Bottle On….Pass On

27. “In order for a firefighter to survive the dangers of fire fighting, he must know how other firefighters have died or been seriously injured.” Chief Dunn, FDNY Bottle On….Pass On

28. Firefighter Fatalities in the United States Bottle On….Pass On

29. Fatalities by Type of Duty 15% Non-Fire Ops 15% FG Ops 47% Training 13% Other 10% Fatalities by Type of Duty Responding/ Returning

30. Cause of Fatal Injury Bottle On….Pass On

31. Fatalities by Fixed Property Use Outdoor 17% Bottle On….Pass On

32. Case Studies

33. Denver, Colorado Engineer Mark Langvardt Firefighter died trying to exit building High heat, low visibility 20” x 36” window,high windowsill 28” wide storage room Bottle On….Pass On

34. Columbus, Ohio Firefighter John Nance FF fell through hole in floor No PASS activation No light Firefighter fell through hole in floor Bottle On….Pass On

35. Became disoriented Exit route cut off by collapse Ran out of air Los Angeles, California Fire captain separated from his crew Bottle On….Pass On Captain Joseph Dupee

36. Objective Provide personnel with information related to: Two In Two Out Rapid Intervention Rescuing the Downed Firefighter SCBA Bottle On….Pass On

37. TWO IN...TWO OUT Association Procedure 5.5.3- Personnel Deployment During the Initial Stages of Interior Structural Firefighting and IDLH Incident Mandated by OSHA Recommended by NFPA 1500

38. Two In...Two Out Possible exceptions by occupancy; Residential: In the absence of a report from a responsible person on the scene that everyone is out of the residence, it can be assumed that a life hazard exists or is probable, until the primary search has been completed.

39. Two In…Two Out Commercial: Size up Type of occupancy Time of day Day of week Reports from people on the scene Signs that someone may be in the building Bottle On….Pass On

40. Two In…Two Out Vacant or Abandoned Buildings: In the absence of clear signs or a report from a responsible person on the scene that people are in the structure, it is to be assumed that no life hazard exists and the interior attack shall not be initiated until four persons arrive on the scene. Bottle On….Pass On

41. RAPID INTERVENTION Association Procedure 5.5.2 Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) Recommended by NFPA 1500 Mandated by OSHA Bottle On….Pass On

42. Stage two floors below fire floor on high rise buildings. RIT attack line should be connected two floors below. Large buildings may require more than one RIT in different locations. Don’t get involved in operations that will delay your response. RIT STAGING Stage close to the command post.

43. RIT STRATEGY Obtain a good size-up Identify all possible entry and exit locations Stage equipment Observe fire conditions and monitor radio traffic Don’t overload the team with equipment. The goal is to be RAPID.

44. Wire cutters Rope Spare Scba Saw Pike pole Webbing High rise packIrons Cordless Power toolsSpanner Door chocksEMS equip RIT TOOLS Personal Equipment- PPE/Radio/Light/Scba/Pass /Tools Bottle On….Pass On

45. RAPID INTERVENTION CHECK SHEET Size-up 1. Building dimensions- l x w x h 2. Occupancy- residential, commercial, or vacant 3. Construction type - ordinary, LWC or fire resistive 4. Entrance/Egress- bars, screens, gates Bottle On….Pass On

46. RAPID INTERVENTION CHECK SHEET Tactics 1. Offensive, Defensive, Offensive to Defensive 2. Command Operations ( Command, accountability) 3. Deployment of people 4. Knowledge of Truck Company Operations 5. Fireground operation time versus progress

47. RAPID INTERVENTION CHECK SHEET Equipment Stage equipment based on construction type: Ordinary axe/pikepole haligan/sledge rope/ladders spare scba hoseline Fire resistive metal cutting saws chain saws air bags hydraulic tools (in addition to the ordinary list)

48. SCBAPracticals Hot bottle change Low profile Quick fill Pack exchange Bottle On….Pass On

49. Practicals Denver Drill Victim drags Stair carries Ohio Drill

50. CREDITS The information for this presentation was compiled from the following sources: “MAYDAY” Firefighter Down (Draft Program), VA Department of Fire Programs Essentials of Safety and Survival Techniques, Montgomery County (MD) Fire and Rescue Saving Our Own - Techniques for Firefighter Rescue, Illinois Fire Service Institute Fire Engineering American Heat USFA