2. This Powerpoint document is made for teaching use only. Any commercial use of it should be authorized by Jaming Xiao ( 肖强 ).

3. Unit 1 language change variation in English vocabulary change language and dialect regional varieties of english

4. Activity one language change and use  Discovering what is meat by language change Discovering what is meat by language change  Finding out how language changes in the life of an individual person Finding out how language changes in the life of an individual person  Analyzing the meaning of “living” and “dead” languages Analyzing the meaning of “living” and “dead” languages

5. Activity three observing vocabulary change in English  The change of words in a language causes the change of the language. One reason why does language.  Developing awareness of new vocabulary Developing awareness of new vocabulary  Finding out where new words come from when we need them Finding out where new words come from when we need them  Understanding “borrowing” between languages Understanding “borrowing” between languages

6. Activity two variation in English different places  Understanding the term “regional variation” Understanding the term “regional variation”  Finding out what is meat by “standard English” Finding out what is meat by “standard English”  Discovering which is the best English to study--- and who decide Discovering which is the best English to study--- and who decide

7. Activity 4 languages and dialects in the united kingdom CComparing scale and distance in the British isles and china FFinding out what language and what dialects are in use in Britain DDistinguishing among languages, dialects and accents

8. Activity 5 experiencing some regional varieties of English  Introduction to a Rather different sort of activity  Studying the same text first in standard English and then in four regional varieties  Listening to regional varieties  Investigating some practical applications of this activity

9. Discovering what is meat by language change  Now listen to the dialogue  Your summary of the dialogue languages change with time; the number of languages spoken in the world is 4000-5000; no one can give more exact number because: the number depends on what counts as a dialect and what counts as a language; some languages have disappeared, and we know nothing about them; when we speak of languages as living or dead, we use a metaphor. back

10. Finding out how language changes in the life of an individual person  Listen to the dialogue  We learn language first from our parents, then relatives and neighbors and other people in the world. That is to say the language we use is changing everyday.  Listen to the dialogue  The changes of language in the dialogue do not know= dunno bilge=Biology stinks=chemistry  How the think of each others’ language Mrs. Careless, slangy, slipshod, inaccurate, disrespectful, foolish Tim: formal, precise, careful, prim, old-fashioned, traditional, quaint, foolish back

11. Analyzing the meaning of “living” and “dead” languages  Listen to the dialogue  Living language means it is still used by living people.  Dead language means it was only used before and now there is no living people using it.  Summary P14 back

12. Understanding the term “regional variation”  English is spoken in different places differently. So English spoken in each place is called dialect/a variation of language. And also regional variation. back

13. Finding out what is meat by “standard English”  Listen to the dialogue  standard English refers to written English.  No variety is better than others  Educated southern British English is called received pronunciation/BBC. And educated American English is called network English, and VOA English.  Movie and film back

14. Discovering which is the best English to study--- and who decide  Read P 21  There is no single authority for the use of language- English. back

15. Developing awareness of new vocabulary  P 24 examples of new vocabulary  Words used in computer back

16. Finding out where new words come from when we need them Understanding “borrowing” between languages  Listen to the dialogue  What is borrowing, acronym, abbreviation, translation (ways of making new words)  Other ways: conversion, affixation (prefix and suffix)/derivation, compound, shortening (exam), blending (smog),  Summary P 29 back

17. Comparing scale and distance in the British isles and china  Even in a small world like united kingdom, language changes greatly, not to mention a larger place like china, even the whole world.  Listen to the dialogue back

18. Finding out what language and what dialects are in use in Britain  Dialects: welsh, English, Gaelic, polish,  Dialects and language in Britain is the same with China.  Listen to the dialogue: difficulty because of accent.  Speak to others according to their dialects or language back

19. Distinguishing among languages, dialects and accents  A language is a major means of communication: there are usually reckoned to be 5000 languages in use in the world. Only some of them have a writing system.  A dialect is a variety of a language, but there is no sure way to tell a different language from a different dialect.  The term accent has something to do with the sounds of speech. back