1. Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships
MARPOL 73/78 Annex VI
Regulations for
the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

2. Ratification Process 19th MAY 2005
Protocol Requirements for entry into force
The Protocol is Ratified by 15 signature States to MARPOL with a combined tonnage of 50% of World tonnage
The Current Status of Ratification is by 22 Countries (Signatories of MARPOL Convention)
The Protocol was fully ratified in accordance with requirements on 18th May 2004 and has ENTERED INTO FORCE on
19th MAY 2005

3. Flag States Party to the Protocol
Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Japan, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Norway, Panama, St Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, Vanuatu.

4. Non-Parties to the Protocol What happens then?
All Ships are to comply irrespective of Flag State – Article 5, para 4 of MARPOL Convention – “no more favourable treatment”
No PSC inspections unless Port State laws apply and allow e.g. EU Directive.
Bunker Delivery documentation and sample – here is the difficulty – FSI 13 and MEPC 53.

5. Why MARPOL Annex VI? Emission Gases from Ships
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – create Ozone
Sulphur Oxides (SOx) – create acidification
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) – is a GHG
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Hydrocarbons (HC) – gas, soot and some particulates
The concentration of the differing exhaust gases is variable according to the engine type, engine settings and fuel type.

6. Overview of Content The Regulations in the Protocol
The NOx Technical Code
The Supporting Guidelines

7. The Regulations
There are 19 Regulations but the following Regulations will impact Vessel operation for ALL VESSELS ABOVE 400 grt
Regulation 12 – Ozone Depleting Substances
Regulation 13 – NOx emissions
Regulation 14 – Sulphur Oxide emissions
Regulation 15 – VOC emissions
Regulation 16 – Shipboard Incinerators
Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality control

8. Regulation 12 Ozone Depleting Substances
“Deliberate” Emissions of Ozone Depleting Substances (HFCs) are prohibited
New installations can only use HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) until 1st Jan 2020.
These substances, when removed from ships, must be delivered to reception facilities

9. Regulation 13 – NOx
For all Engines (except emergency engines) installed on ships after 1st January 2000 of more than 130 kW must comply to this Regulation.
The NOx emission is limited to 17 g/kW h for engines operating at 130 rpm but reducing to 9.8 g/kW h for 2000 rpm. Between these revs the limit is designated by equation:
45 * n(-0.2) g/kW h
Existing engines can become a “new” engine if substantially modified.

10. Regulation 13 - NOx
Regulation 13 requirements are fully defined by the NOx Technical Code – recommended technical reading.
Certification of the engine on manufacture and checked on installation for settings
Certificates required for Ships – EIAPP & IAPP
PSC Inspection of the engine by
Parameter Check method (Engine Technical File)
Simplified measurement method

12. Regulation 14 - SOx
The Worldwide sulphur cap on fuel oil is set at 4.5%.
Sulphur Emission Control areas (SECAs)
Areas – Baltic, North Sea and English Channel
Sulphur Level of fuel – 1.5% or;
Alternatively use an exhaust gas cleaning system
Ship must have cleared all pipe systems and tanks and be using low sulphur fuel on entry
Regulations for the 1st SECA comes into force on 19th May 2006.

13. Shipboard Procedures for SECAs
Plan in advance for entry and enter commencement date of preparation in Logbook together with bunker type quantities onboard.
Logbook entry when entry requirements met and entry into SECA - remember Lat. & Long., date and time, together with bunker figures for each tank.
Maintain daily record of bunker use and quantification of bunker tanks whilst in SECA.
DO NOT COMMENCE SHIFT TO HIGH SULPHUR FUEL UNTIL EXIT FROM SECA. Log existing conditions for bunkers and Lat. & Long. with date and time.

14. Regulation 15 - VOCs
Subject to individual terminal regulations tankers may have to be equipped with Vapour return manifold.
Notification of VOC control by a port to the IMO shall be 6 months before enforcement.
Tankers can be can accept tankers upto 3 years after the date of VOC control enforcement by the Terminal.
The standard for the design of VOC return manifold and operation is contained in MSC/Circ.585.

15. Regulation 16 - Incinerators
Incinerators installed after 1st Jan 2000 to meet regulations and must certified to meet the specifications in MEPC Resolution 76(40) (Appendix IV of Annex VI).
Each incinerator must have a manufacturers operations manual.
Crew responsible for the incinerator operation shall be trained and follow the operations manual.

16. Regulation 16 – Use of Incinerators
The following substances are prohibited from incineration:
Annex I, II and III cargo residues and related packing material.
PCBs.
Garbage as defined by Annex V containing heavy metals.
Petroleum Products containing halogens.
PVC can only be incinerated in type approved incinerators.
Flue gas temperatures shall be monitored and not less than 850 deg C for continuous feed and reach 600 deg C within 5 minutes for batch feed.

17. Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality
“Fuel oil shall be blends of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum refining”
“Fuel oil shall be free from inorganic acid”
“Fuel oil shall not include any added substance or chemical waste which either:
Jeopardises the safety of ships or adversely affects the performance of the machinery, or
Is harmful to personnel, or
Contributes overall to additional air pollution”

18. Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality
Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)
Becomes a Statutory document
Must be kept on board for 3 years for inspection and a copy may be taken for further examination by PSC.
Must contain all data required by Appendix V
Name and IMO number of vessel
Port
Date of Commencement of delivery
Details of fuel oil supplier
Product name, quantity , Density at 15 0C and Sulphur content % m/m
A declaration that fuel supplied meets Regulation 14 and 18 requirements

19. Regulation 18 – Fuel Oil Quality
Fuel Oil Sampling
A sealed sample meeting the requirements in associated guidelines has to supplied to the ship by the bunker supplier
For each individual BDN a sample has to be taken at the vessel’s bunker receiving manifold. (see procedure in associated guidelines) – ISM Manuals ??
The sample label has to be signed by both the bunker supplier’s representative and the vessel’s Chief Engineer.
The sample size shall be not less than 400 mls
The sample is not to be used for any commercial purpose
The sample is to be retained on board for at least 1 year for inspection by PSC as required

20. Shipboard Procedures for BDN and Samples
Adequate bunker manifold location for sampler attachment
External safe storage location for samples for 1 year period
Log book for sample retention and custody transfer
Safe storage for BDNs and other documents relating to bunkering onboard

21. Port/Flag State Control Guidelines
Proposed Guidelines from FSI 13 for MEPC 53 approval.
Initial inspections and Primary survey parameters – then “Clear Grounds” for in-depth inspections
“In depth” inspection parameters
Detainable deficiencies
Non-Party ship inspections

22. Other Gas Emission Requirements
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emission Indexing of Ships
CO2 Equation used for “Voyage” Calculations
C. Con. Factor * FCi / (M Cargoi * Dist i )
Where:
C. Con Factor for HFO = 3.11
C. Con Factor for MDO = 3.17
Distance = Loaded + Ballast distance (nm)

23. Other Regional Regulations
United States of America
NOx Regulations applicable only to US flagged ships
California Air Resources Board (CARB)
European Union – Directive 1999/32
Current Directive in force from July 2000
Subject to extension and amendments and due to come into force 2005

24. The Future – Crystal Ball time!!
Due to the introduction of new engine technology – e.g. HAM – pressure for further reduction in NOx emissions
International and Regional pressure for further reduction in SOx emissions
Introduction of “Particulate” emission control
Further considerations for VOC control

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