1. ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation Pages 484-487

2. NORMAL conditions  Trade Winds  Cool water pools near S.America,  Warm water pools near Australia

3. El Nino Warning System Sea Surface Temperature Wind Speed/Direction Ocean Current Direction

4. EL NINO

6. How are “El Niño” conditions different?  Ocean currents reverses  Warm water pools near S.America  Cool water pools near Australia

9. How does El Nino affect weather in… South America? Australia? Northern US? Southern US? Typhoons?

10. Global Effects of El Nino  S. America- more rain; warmer  Floods/mudslides  Australia- dry; cooler  Less typhoons  Kills anchovies in Peru ( how El Nino was first discovered)

11. El Nino’s effect on the United States  Warmer winters/ drier in N states Wet/colder  Wet/colder winters in S states

13. “LA NINA”  Cool phase of ENSO (neg. phase)  Trade winds intensify

14. La Nina

15. How does La Nina affect weather in… South America? Australia? Northern US? Southern US? Hurricanes?

17. South America- drier/colder Australia- wetter/warmer N. US- Colder than normal winters »Increased snowfall More hurricanes S. US- warmer/drier La Nina’s effects

18. Predictable?

19. El Nino or La Nina?

21. 2012-2013 winter forecast (as of Oct. 2012)

22. El Nino or La Nina?

23. Winter 2012 normal2012 Plus el Nino

24. Helpful Websites TAO ~ Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/index.shtml The TAO Story http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/proj_over/flash /mainDOC.html