1. CdS and CdTe thin films for solar cells Rashad Hajimammadov Baku State University, department of Physics hajimammadov@hotmail.com

2. Energy sources 1) Unrenewable energy sources : Petroleum, gas, coal 2) Renewable energy sources : Solar energy, wind energy, hydro- energy and etc. 3) Nuclear energy with its advantage and disadvantages

3. Using the sun to generate electricity An increasingly popular use of solar energy involves solar electric systems, called photovoltaics Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight directly into electricity, and are potentially one of the most useful of the renewable energy technologies.

4. What is solar cell ? A structure that converts solar energy directly to DC electric energy. It supplies a voltage and a current to a resistive load (light, battery, motor). It is like a battery because it supplies DC power. It is not like a battery because the voltage supplied by the cell changes with changes in the resistance of the load.

5. Groups of solar cells can be packaged into modules, panels and arrays to provide useful output voltages and currents to provide a specific power output.

6. House coated with solar panels

7. Using solar energy in satellite

8. Solar arrays in a field

9. Mobile solar module

10. Cost of solar cells and its efficiency The current best deals on solar cells is about 2.5 - $4.30 per watt. For a 50 watt solar panel, your total cost will be about $215 GaAs and related compounds(A3B5) multilayer structure – 40 % CIGS ~20 % CdTe based solar cells – 16.5 % Mono Si – 15 - 16 % Amorphous Si – 12 % polymer composite solar cells ~ 3 – 5 %

11. The aim of my research Deposition of CdS and CdTe thin films Choosing a perfect deposition method for improving cell characterization

12. CdS thin films Deposition technique

13. Chemical components used in this method

14. AFM image of CdS film

15. CdTe thin films Deposition technique

16. SEM image of CdTe film

17. Conventional polycrystalline CdTe- based thin film solar cell

18. Solar cell characterization Voc=773mV, Jsc=23.92mA/cm2, fill factor FF =68.7%, a total area conversion efficiency of 12.71%

19. Conclusion CdS and CdTe thin films were deposited. The prepared solar cells exhibited 12.7 % efficiency.

20. Some questions Are PV systems as efficient or economic as fossil-fueled systems? Is PV a viable alternative for all of our power needs? For homes? For vehicles? For other needs? Is PV the answer to all of the world’s power needs?

21. Publications 1. Naser M. Fathi, Rashad H. Hajimammadov, Ulvi R. Hasanov, Ayaz I. Bayramov “Problems of Use of Alternative Energy Sources In Turkmenistan, February 24,25 2010” 2. R. Hajimammadov, N.Fathi, M.Sadigov, E. Mirzoyev, A. Bayramov, G. Khrypunov, N. Klochko “17 th International Conference on Ternary and Multinary Compounds, 27-30 September 2010, Baku” 3. R. Hajimammadov, N.Fathi, M.Sadigov, E. Mirzoyev, A. Bayramov, G. Khrypunov, N. Klochko “ Azerbaijan Journal of Physics” december 2010. 4. R. Hajimammadov, R. Mehdiyev. “ Conference on Physics and Astronomy” Baku, 20 th May 2011 5. R. Hajimammadov, N.Fathi, M.Sadigov, E. Mirzoyev, A. Bayramov, G. Khrypunov, N. Klochko, Tatyana Li “Effect of CdCl2 treatment on CdTe based solar cells prepared by close space sublimation and physical vapor deposition method ” Japan Journal of Physics, to be published

22. Thanks for attention