1. the “Four Rs” of Holocaust Endurance

2. the first R: Resourcefullness - How would you define RESOURCEFULLNESS? The ability to act effectively and creatively, especially in a difficult situation.

3. What examples of RESOURCEFULLNESS can you think of? Examples:

4. Resourcefullness Jews were resourceful in: finding food finding shelter finding medicine to save the lives of loved ones acquiring/sharing news & information

5. the second R: Resistance - How would you define RESISTANCE? The ability to “fight against” unfair and undeserved cruelty from your enemy.

6. What examples of RESISTANCE can you think of? Examples:

7. RESISTANCE Non-violent: spiritual – many Jews continued to worship and celebrate holy days cultural – coordinated and attended concerts, plays, recitals, operas, dramas, movies educational – coordinated and attended lectures, speeches, lessons, dissertations historical – “Ringelblum Milk Cans” and the “Oneg Shabbat” secrect operation in Warsaw; photos community – printing and distribution of underground newspapers and magazines

8. PHYSICAL RESISTANCE a FEW examples: Organized Forest Partisans The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (ZOB) Jewish Fighting Organization (JFO) of the Cracow Ghetto Novaky Labor Camp Partisans Killing Center Revolts http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/lerma n/medal_award/

9. the third R: Rescue - How would you define RESCUE? To save the life of a persecuted person or people, usually at the risk of one’s own life.

10. What examples of RESCUE can you think of? Examples:

11. Some Famous Jewish Rescuers: Gisi Fleishmann - Slovakia Tuvya Bielski – The Bielski Otriad, Belarus Janusz Korczak - Poland

12. the forth R: Resilience - How would you define RESILIENCE? The ability to “bounce back” and recover from some insult, attack or cruelty during and after the Holocaust.

13. What examples of RESILIENCE can you think of? Examples DURING the Holocaust: Examples AFTER the Holocaust:

14. Resilience DURING the Holocaust to get out of “bed” for another day to “walk away” from physical possessions to support/care for others to “face” their Nazi oppressors every day “chutzpah”

15. Resilience AFTER the Holocaust began new lives in adopted lands had families, children and grandchildren. overcame traumatic circumstances that often haunt them still to make important contributions to their communities and professions honor the memory of those lost teach the lessons of the Holocaust today