1. ESO, 27 Nov 09 SPHERE – the high contrast challenge Markus Kasper, ESO 1 1

2. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Outline  SPHERE project history  The mission  The concept  Demonstrations  Now and soon 2

3. ESO, 27 Nov 09 From the start… 3 2 Phase A studies led by MPIA and LAOG: 2003 –2004 Phase A review Dec 2004 Major Merger: 2005 – 2006 (consortium agreement issue 1, Dec 2006)

4. ESO, 27 Nov 09 SPHERE project structure 4  VLT 2 nd generation instrument for Exoplanets  Consortium: LAOG, LAM, LESIA, LUAN, MPIA, Padova University, Obs. Geneve, ETH Zuerich, ASTRON and ONERA  Passed FDR in Dec 2008, now in MAIT phase  Many critical components (DM+driver, WFS CCD, IR detectors, large common path optics) already in house  Commissioning and 1st light in summer 2011, in less than 2 years!!

5. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Possible exoplanets, directly imaged 5 HR 8799, Marois et al 2008 Lagrange et al. 2009 GJ 758, Thalmann et al 2009

6. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Science objectives Radial Velocity Large Surveys HC & HAR Imaging μ Lensing Transits Stars - BDs BDs - Planets

7. ESO, 27 Nov 09 SPHERE features  High contrast detection capability Contrast Gain up to 5 mag wrt current instrumentation (10 -6 -10 -7 ) Extreme AO (SR ~ 90% in H-band) Coronagraphy at small inner working angles: 0.1  – 3  Spectral Differential imaging (IRDIS, IFS) Polarimetric Differential imaging (ZIMPOL)  Characterization Polarimetry (IRDIS, ZIMPOL) Medium resolution Long-Slit spectroscopy (R~500 in range 0.95 – 2.32 microns, IRDIS) Low resolution spectroscopy (R~50, IFS, IRDIS)  Classical imaging at high Strehl ratios (IRDIS, ZIMPOL) 7

8. ESO, 27 Nov 09 The concept 8

9. ESO, 27 Nov 09 40x40 SH-WFS in visible 1.2 KHz, RON < 1e- ALC, 4QPMs, Lyot, Slits IR –TT sensor λ = 0.5 – 0.9 µm - FoV = 3.5” 0.95 – 1.65 µm FoV = 1.77” 0.95 – 2.32 µm - FoV = 12.5’’ Nasmyth platform, static bench, Temperature control, cleanliness control Active vibration control Concept overview Beam control DM, TTs

10. ESO, 27 Nov 09 SPHERE implementationCPIIRDIS IFS ZIMPOL ITTM PTTM DM DTTP DTTS WFS De-rotator VIS ADC NIR ADC NIR corono VIS corono HWP2 HWP1 Polar Cal 10

11. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Spectral Differential Imaging (SDI) 11 Lenzen paper NACO, Close et al. 2003

12. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Angular Differential Imaging (ADI) 12 NACO at Nasmyth of VLT (Alt-Az) -> pupil and field rotate at different speeds Standard: Rotate NACO to stabilize field PA New option:Rotate NACO to stabilize pupil (and diffraction pattern and quasi-static speckles)

13. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Instrument modes

14. ESO, 27 Nov 09 IRDIS / IFS performances

15. ESO, 27 Nov 09 ZIMPOL performance

16. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Predicted Science Output MC simulations (MESS, Bonavita et al.)  Modeled planet population or extrapolated RV distribution  Model planet brightness (thermal, reflected, albedo, phase angle,…)  Match statistics with RV results 16 Young stars (<5 10 8 yrs) Nearby stars (<20 pc) Mordasini et al. (2009)

17. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Science objectives Radial Velocity Large Surveys HC & HAR Imaging μ Lensing Transits Stars - BDs BDs - Planets

18. ESO, 27 Nov 09 XAO with HOT  Developed at ESO in collaboration with Arcetri and Durham Univ.  H-band Strehl ratios ~90% in 0.5  seeing (SPIE 2008, Esposito et al. & Aller-Carpentier et al. ) correcting 8-m aperture for ~600 modes Aller-Carpentier, proc. AO4ELT

19. ESO, 27 Nov 09 XAO coronagraphy with HOT 19 Good agreement with SPHERE simulations Martinez et al., submitted to A&AL

20. ESO, 27 Nov 09 CP bench aka piano

21. ESO, 27 Nov 09 CP dampers

22. ESO, 27 Nov 09 CP mounts and stages

23. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Toric mirrors  All toric finished  TM1&TM2 in specs  New TM3 started

24. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Cabinets and cooling systems

25. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Calibration sources

26. ESO, 27 Nov 09 CODE/HODM testing 26

27. ESO, 27 Nov 09 WFS ASTRON, 16/17 Nov 2009 27

28. ESO, 27 Nov 09 OCAM with LA

29. ESO, 27 Nov 09 IFS

30. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Opto - mechanics Layout

31. ESO, 27 Nov 09

32. IFS camera 32

33. ESO, 27 Nov 09 IRDIS status: MFG Progress

34. ESO, 27 Nov 09 ZIMPOL Mark Downing (ESO), Peter Steiner (ETH) and Charlotte installing eng.detector system

35. ESO, 27 Nov 09 ZIMPOL, 1 st light

36. ESO, 27 Nov 09 Project Schedule started in May 2001 Phase-A, Consortium selection, PDR… December 2008: Final Design Review Jan.-Dec. 2009: Procurement / Manufacturing Oct. 2009 – June 2010: Sub-systems AIT July 2010 – February 2011: Global system AIT Feb.-March 2011: Preliminary Acceptance Europe May-End 2011: Commissioning Early 2012: Beginning of science operation

37. ESO, 27 Nov 09 37 Review Passed 37