1. Suspension Mechanisms
Group B
Tedros Ghebretnsae
Xinyan Li
Zhen Yu Tang
Ankit Panwar

2. Basic Concept of Suspension
Provide independent shock absorption to individual wheels.
Deal with humps in road surface, enhancing ride comfort.
Most suspensions are either fourbar linkages or slider cranks.

3. Camber Angle Two types of camber Positive Camber Negative Camber
Camber angle is the angle made by the wheel of an automobile; specifically, it is the angle between the vertical axis of the wheel and the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from the front or rear. It is used in the design of steering and suspension. If the top of the wheel is further out than the bottom (that is, away from the axle), it is called positive camber; if the bottom of the wheel is further out than the top, it is called negative camber.

4. Double Wishbone Suspension
Parallelogram system
The wheel spindles are supported by an upper and lower 'A' shaped arm
Equal & unequal length

5. Unequal Length Double Wishbone Suspension

6. Types of motion of the wheel
Spindles to travel vertically up and down during bump and rebound.
Side-to-side motion caused due to the geometry of the wishbones known as scrub
Toe angle (steer angle).
The camber angle, or lean angle.

7. Motion of Body Roll Animation of the suspension during the body roll
Unequal length double wishbone type.

8. Vertical Displacement
Animation showing the up and down movement of the wheel.

9. Importance of Negative Camber Gain
Upper control arm is shorter than the lower one
As the wheel travels up it tips in, gaining negative camber
Allows the tire to generate the maximum possible cornering force
The length of the arms and the angles can be adjusted that means that they are not fixed
By using an upper control arm that is shorter than the lower one, as the wheel travels up it tips in, gaining negative camber.  This is because the upper arm swings through a shorter arc than the lower and pulls in the top of the tire as the wheel travels upwards.  The advantage in this negative camber gain is that as the chassis rolls against the wheels, the increasing negative camber on the outside wheel helps keep the wheel upright against the road surface and allows the tire to generate the maximum possible cornering force.  By adjusting the length of the arms and their respective angles to the ground, there are infinite possibilities in the design of a vehicles roll center height and swing arm length.

10. MacPherson Strut Suspension
The strut directly connects the steering knuckle to the chassis and acts as a link in the suspension
The steering link physically twists the strut and shock absorber and turns the wheel.

11. Steering Mechanism of Macpherson Strut Type

12. Trailing-arm suspension
Pairs of these become twin-trailing-arm allow the rear to swing up and down.
The two links are pivoted to the frame.
Link1 is the ground
Link3 is attached to the wheel assembly.

13. Application of IC in Design