1. Introduction to C# With a GIS focus
With Python examples to help with transition
Provide a C# foundation for ArcGIS customization with ArcObjects

2. Why customize ArcGIS ? Workflow.
ArcGIS application like ArcMap does not do EXACTLY what you want to do “out-of-the-box”.
ArcObjects provides the programming framework customize ArGIS applications to do exactly what you want.

3. Extending ArcGIS Add-ins, C#, & ArcObjects
Adding toolbars, buttons, tools, etc.
ArcGIS provides tools for making Python Add-ins ArcGIS 10.0 did not (Free webinar)
ArcObjects SDK for the Microsoft .NET Framework provides access to more than Python

4. Customization example
Capture point features at midpoint of drawn line automatically calculating
and storing line orientation and providing easy tools for selecting type and
adding dip angle.

5. ESRI Customization Examples
200+ ESRI examples in Samples folder i.e. C:\Program Files\ArcGIS\DeveloperKit10.2\Samples\ArcObjectsNet

6. From Python to C# IDE Solutions, Projects Runtime environment
Code containers
Core language and framework
Types
Variables, operators, expressions, statements
Functions
Scope
Booleans
Flow control – branching and looping
Standard modules and libraries

7. IDE Projects PyScripter psproj Visual Studio sln and csproj
One or more related files referenced by psproj file
Solution (sln) can contain one or more Projects (csproj) and other files
Project contains one or more related files
Project is optional
Solution/Project(s) not optional

8. Visual Studio IDE Creating .NET Solution and Projects
with Visual Studio 2010

9. Projects …
… because any application worth building usually has more than one .cs file and other files (e.g. images, cursors, etc.)

10. Visual Studio Solution (.sln)
… because Projects must be part of a Solution
Visual Studio Solution (.sln) *
Projects (.csproj)

11. Folder structure for application development
Download …

12. Creating a src folder
- Create a New Project … Blank Solution, in src - Save
- Exit Visual Studio
- Move files up one level into src - Delete solution folder
Solutions can include code from other CLS languages (e.g. VB.NET)

13. Adding a Project to a Solution

14. Project templates EXE EXE DLL ESRI Add-ins and Extensions
are compiled into DLL’s
Most common Project templates

15. Sln and Project code

16. StartUp Project
StartUp Project is the first project to run when the application is run
Class Library Projects cannot be set as the StartUp Project

17. Runtime requirements Python C#
PY file run from command line or double click
Can be run interactively >>> x = 1
Requires Python interpreter (Python.exe) to run
Requires appropriate version of Python.exe
EXE run from command line or double click
Cannot be run interactively No >>> here.
Compiled assembly (EXE) can be run directly
Requires .NET Framework that can support assembly

18. Runtime – from code to CPU
Python C#
Python file run at command line or double-clicked
Interpreted by Python.exe into byte code
Byte code transformed into machine language by Python runtime
CPU runs machine language program
Code files in Visual Studio Solution/Project(s) compiled to Common Intermediate Language (CIL) Assembly (EXE)
EXE run from command line or double-clicked
Common Language Runtime (CLR) transforms CIL into machine language
CLR and CPU run program

19. .NET Framework Overview
CLS specifes rules .NET
languages must follow to create
.NET code that will reference the .NET Framework Class Libraries
(.NET DLL Assemblies) and
.NET CTS.
CLS (Common Language Specification)
C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, J#
Framework Class Libraries UI
Web Form
WinForm
WPF
Services
WCF
WorkFlow
Data Access
ADO.NET
Entity Framwork
LINQ to SQL
Framework Base Classes & CTS (Common Type System)
IO, Collections, Security, Threading, etc.
.NET compilers will compile .NET code into CIL stored in .NET assemblies (EXE or DLL)
Compilers
CIL (Common Intermediate Language)
.NET CLR will perform JIT
(Just-In-Time compilation) to native machine code and ensure that the .NET assembly runs
properly and securely.
CLR (Common Language Runtime)
Windows OS
Win32, IIS, MSMQ

20. Statements Code is interpreted or compiled one statement at a time
A statement can be composed of one or more expressions
Expressions are composed of one or more of the following: variables, operators, literals, function calls, and types

21. Statements Python C# No end of statement marker
Indentation is critical
msg = “Multi-line statement \ needs line continuation char”
; marks end of statement
Indentation is cosmetic
msg = “Multi-line statement does not need continuation char”;

22. Statement context Python C# Statements can be run outside of functions
Statements cannot be run outside of functions
Solution
Project
Namespace
Class
Method
1 keyword
1 literal
4 keywords
4 names
1 literal 1 4
Statement

23. Keywords
Python C#
~30
~80

24. Types Python C# str int float bool (True or False) string, char
sbyte, byte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong
float, double, decimal
bool (true or false)

25. C# Types – Value types 7 significant digits, ±3.4 x 1038 true, false
0 – 255
‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘\t’, etc.
28-29 significant digits, ± 7.9 x 1028
15-16 significant digits, ± 5.0 x to ±1.7 x 10308
List of constants of same type - byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, or ulong
7 significant digits, ±3.4 x 1038
-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
–9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
-128 to 127
-32,768 to 32,767
Group of related value types
0 to 4,294,967,295
0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615
0 to 65,535

26. C# Types – Reference types
Value types require a static amount of memory (e.g. byte requires 1 byte, int uses 4 bytes, etc.) and directly contain their data.
Reference types require dynamic amounts of memory (e.g. “Bob” and “Bobby”).
Stack memory
Stores values of value types and memory location of reference types in Heap Memory
Heap memory
Stores reference types

27. Most commonly used types
string
int
double
bool
char

28. Classes Python C# Syntax: Syntax: class name([baseClass]):
[properties (data)]
[methods]
Syntax:
[scope][static] class name : baseClass {
[properties]
[methods]
[events]
etc. }

29. Variables
Python C#
Variable is case-sensitive name associated with a value of any type
Type defined after assignment
Variable is case-sensitive name associated with a value of a specific type
Type defined in variable declaration statement

30. Variable declaration/initialization
<type> <variableName> {= initialValue};
int x; // Declare variable
x = 3; // Initialize variable
int x = 3; // Declare and initialize
int x, y, z; // Not recommended
// Declare on separate lines

31. Rules for variable naming
Same for Python and C#
Variable name syntax:
_ or letter + any number of letters, digits, or _
i.e. cannot begin with a number
Use names that describe the data they are associated with
e.g. “recordCount” is better than “n”
Use lowercase letter for first character, upper case letter for other words in name. This is called camelCase.
Cannot be a keyword of the language

32. Operators Python C# +, -, *, /, % same as C# 2**3 is 23
+, -, *, /, % same as Python
Math.Pow(2,3)
Output:
0.5

33. C# Operators and Expressions
<variable> = <operand> <operator> <operand>
<variable> <operator> <operand>
<variable> <operator>
// x = x + 1, z = x + 1
// x = x + 1, z = x
// x = x - 1, z = x – 1
// x = x - 1, z = x
++x add before expression evaluated
x++ add after expression evaluated
p. 46, 47 in Watson et al.

34. Operator Precedence Same for Python and C# Parentheses/Brackets
Exponentiation
Muliplication – Division
Addition - Subtraction
Output: 17

35. Operator polymorphism
Python C#
+ addition + string concatenation * multiplication * string repetition
+ addition + string concatenation

36. Comments
Python C#
// Comment out single line /* Comment out multiple lines */
comments with //

37. C# Comments Examples //, ///, /* */
//, ///, /* */
“The best kind of comments are the ones you don't need.
Allow me to clarify that point. You should first strive to make your code as simple as possible to understand without relying
on comments as a crutch. Only at the point where the code
cannot be made easier to understand should you begin to add comments.”
From

38. Functions – Syntax for Definition
Python C#
Syntax:
def name([params]):
statements
[return value]
Syntax:
[scope][static] type name ([params]) {
statements
[return [value];] }
scope keywords include public, internal (default), protected, protected internal, private
If static is included, function belongs to class instead of instance of class
type refers to type returned by function
Can be any type including user-defined types. Is “void” if it returns nothing
params include type (e.g. string param1)

39. Functions – Define and call
Syntax:
[scope][static] type name ([params]) {
statements
[return [value];] }
Define:
Call:

40. Scope “Visibility” of variables, functions, classes, etc in a program.
[scope][static] class name
Function:
[scope][static] type name ([params])
Variables:
[scope][static] type name [= value];

41. Scope “Visibility” of variables, functions, classes, etc in a program.
Python C#

42. Scope Review public internal (default) protected Entire solution
private
More …
Assembly only
More …
Derived classes
More …
Class only
More …
42 of 29

43. Booleans
Python C#
True value: true False value: false

44. Boolean Operators Python C# or, and |, ||, &, &&
Comparison operators are the same for Python and C#

45. Flow control - Branching

46. Flow control - Branching
Python C#
if condition: # Statements for true # condition elif condition: # Statements for alternate # true condition else: # if all above conditions # are false
if (condition) { // Statements for true // condition } else if (condition) // Statements for alternate // true condition else // if all above conditions // are false

47. Branching with if

48. Branching with switch

49. Replacing simple if … else
If the “if … else” is being used to simply set a boolean variable, set the variable using a boolean assignment statement
Replace this
with or

50. Ternary (conditional) Operator ?
Used to set a non-bool type variable based on a condition
Syntax: variable = condition ? true_expression : false_expression
Replace this
with or

51. Flow control - Repetition
Previous code
Code to repeat
Is condition true?
Next code
Loop

52. Flow control - Repetition
Python C#
for target in list: # Statements executed for # each item in list. # Number of iterations # controlled by number of # values in list # target is assigned each # value in list
foreach (type target in list) { // Statements executed for // each item in list. } for (type target = first_value; condition_to_continue; change_target_variable) // Statements executed // while condition to // continue is true

53. Looping with for

54. Looping with while

55. Looping with do

56. Interrupting loops continue break return
Continue with next target value
break
Exit from loop
return
Exit from loop & containing function

57. Standard modules/libraries
Python C#
Standard modules
sys os
os.path
urllib
xml
shutil
glob
etc.
Framework Class Libraries (DLL) organized into Namespaces like
System
System.Collections
System.IO
System.Web
System.XML
System.Data
etc.

58. Using modules/libraries
Python C#
C:\Program Files\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\System.Xml.dll

59. using keyword System namespace is part of
mscorlib (Microsoft Common Object Runtime Library)
All C# programs require a reference to mscorlib

60. Class libraries, namespaces, classes
Class Libraries are stored in a .NET assembly (DLL)
Namespaces are a way of
naming a group of related
classes and other types
Namespaces can be nested.
Namespace icon

61. .NET Framework Overview
CLS specifes rules .NET
languages must follow to create
.NET code that will reference the .NET Framework Class Libraries
(.NET DLL Assemblies) and
.NET CTS.
CLS (Common Language Specification)
C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, J#
Framework Class Libraries UI
Web Form
WinForm
WPF
Services
WCF
WorkFlow
Data Access
ADO.NET
Entity Framwork
LINQ to SQL
Framework Base Classes & CTS (Common Type System)
IO, Collections, Security, Threading, etc.
.NET compilers will compile .NET code into CIL stored in .NET assemblies (EXE or DLL)
Compilers
CIL (Common Intermediate Language)
.NET CLR will perform JIT
(Just-In-Time compilation) to native machine code and ensure that the .NET assembly runs
properly and securely.
CLR (Common Language Runtime)
Windows OS
Win32, IIS, MSMQ

62. Keys to remember
F1 – Context sensitive Help (If cursor is on keyword, help on keyword provided)
F6 – Build code (compile) without running
F5 – Build code (compile) and run
F11 – Step through code, into called functions
F10 – Step through code, not into called functions
Shift-F5 – Stop running code
F9 – Toggle Breakpoint at current statement

63. Links for VS 2010 and C# “Quick Tour” of the VS 2010 IDE
Beginner Developer Learning Centre
Csharp-station.com tutorial