1. Ancient Coin Project created by Latin teacher Cathy Scaife for Ancient Coins for Education classroom attribution project. Photo by Doug Smith; http://dougsmith.ancients.info/

2. Ancient Coin Project Part I Evolution of Coins Photo by Doug Smith; http://dougsmith.ancients.info/

3. Greek: chremata, chrematon, n.pl. possessions, belongings Latin: pecunia, pecuniae, f. money pecus, pecoris, n. herd, cattle, beast Money

4. Animals and Products as Forms of Money Advantages? Disadvantages?

5. Metals as Prize Money Copper pots first prize for wrestlers, Homers Iliad Bronze cauldron tripods, Olympia, 6 th c. BC. Top relief is handle of a cauldron.

6. Metals as Valued Possessions

7. Metal as a Medium for Exchange

8. Metal in Measured Forms Greek obols

9. Bronze Ingots

10. Silver Ingots (in pots in which hoard was buried)

11. Scales and Weights Egyptian wall painting, tomb at Thebes, 14thc. B.C. Folding scales: Left of wood and Right of ivory Stone weights and scale pans

12. --ANA Museum, Colorado Springs --Seal of Treasury, U.S. Mint --Juno Moneta holding scales on reverse of coin minted by Constantius as Caesar Scales Always Associated with Money and Justice

13. Earliest Coins of the Mediterranean --approximately 650 B.C. in Lydia --made of electrum, natural alloy of gold and silver Lydian coin, minted under Croesus, 561-546 B.C. Gold stater, foreparts of lion and bull ANA Museum King Ardys (652-615 B.C.) ---lump with incuse obverse King Alyattes (610-561 B.C.) ---stater had established weight of 168 grains ---fractional denominations ---reverse die (intaglio) King Croesus (561-546 B.C.) ---bimetallic coinage ---gold content 98%

14. Early Greek Coins Silver turtle coins from Greek island Aegina, 500 – 480 BCE Ear of barley, incuse bucranium Lucania, Metapontium, 470-440, silver triobol Arethusa with dolphins; quadriga and Charioteer; Sicily, Syracuse, 485-480, silver tetradrachm Athena owl coin, Athens, 449-431 BC; silver tetradrachm

15. Athenian Tetradrachma: coin clipped to create smaller denominations Challenges of Bullion Coinage

16. Tiny Coins Top: Aeginetan Coinage, relative Denominations Left: Lydian coinage Challenges of Bullion Coinage

17. Intrinsic Value (metallic value roughly equal to tariff value) vs. Token (Fiduciary) Value (intrinsic value less than tariff value)

18. Image Sources Meshorer, Yaakov. Coins of the Ancient World. Lerner Archaeology Series: Digging Up the Past. (Lerner Publications Company, Minneapolis, 1980). Russell, Solveig Paulson. From Barter to Gold: The Story of Money. (Rand McNally & Company, Chicago, 1961). Website by Doug Smith. http://dougsmith.ancients.info/http://dougsmith.ancients.info/ Website, American Numismatic Museum. www.money.orgwww.money.org Other coin images donated by supporters of Ancient Coins for Education as listed at http://www.bitsofhistory.comace/CI.html