1. Pregnancy
Cj DeFranza

2. What you are going to learn
Milestone in the development
The process of pregnancy
The stages of labor
Types of births
Prenatal care
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3. Prenatal Care
Prenatal care can play part in reducing maternal death rates and miscarriages as well as birth defects, low birth weight, and other preventable infant problems .
A gynecologist is one of the doctors to see and they specialize in the health of the female reproductive system
The other doctor is an obstetrician and they specialize in the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy.
Prenatal care is very important, if you go without it your baby can have a higher chance of birth defects.
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4. The Stages of Labor
The first stages starts with contractions that cause progressive changes in the cervix and ends when the cervix is fully dilated.
The second stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the birth of the baby.
The third stage is the last stage and takes place right after the birth of the child and ends with the delivery of the placenta.
Apgar scale

5. Apgar Scale
Activity (muscle tone) 0 — Limp; no movement 1 — Some flexion of arms and legs 2 — Active motion
Pulse (heart rate) 0 — No heart rate 1 — Fewer than 100 beats per minute 2 — At least 100 beats per minute
Grimace (reflex response) 0 — No response to airways being suctioned 1 — Grimace during suctioning 2 — Grimace and pull away, cough, or sneeze during suctioning
Appearance (color) 0 — The baby's whole body is completely bluish-gray or pale 1 — Good color in body with bluish hands or feet 2 — Good color all over
Respiration (breathing) 0 — Not breathing 1 — Weak cry; may sound like whimpering, slow or irregular breathing 2 — Good, strong cry; normal rate and effort of breathing
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6. Types of Births Cesarean birth Breech birth Vaginal birth Water birth
Still birth
Premature birth
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7. Breech Birth
When a baby is normally delivered the head usually comes out of the birth canal first.
If this is not the case it is called a breech birth and that is when the baby’s butt or feet are going to come out of the birth canal first.
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8. Cesarean birth A cesarean section is also known as a c-section
Done by a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus to allow a baby or babies to be born safely when a vaginal birth is not the safest option.
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9. Vaginal Birth When the baby is delivered through the vaginal cavity.
Most likely done in a hospital, if not under medical aid it would be considered a free birth.
The afterbirth is the birth of the placenta after the birth of the infant.
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10. Water Birth
A water birth takes place in water and people do this because it is supposed to relieve stress for the mother.
Some downfalls to this birth is that there is a increased risk of infections and there is a chance of slowed labor because the relaxing warm water can slow the contractions.
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11. Stillbirth A stillbirth occurs when the fetus dies in the uterus.
Once the fetus has died the mother still has contractions and will deliver the remains.
One of the ways this could be caused is from the umbilical cord getting wrapped around the baby’s neck.
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12. Premature Birth
Refers to the birth of a baby before the developing organs are mature enough to allow normal postnatal survival.
Premature babies have greater chances for short term and long term complications.
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13. The Process of Pregnancy
Conception
Zygote
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14. Conception
Conception is the union of one egg and one sperm cell, but many sperm are needed for conception to take place. As the sperm approach the egg, they release an enzyme. The enzyme works on the egg so that one sperm can enter.
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15. Zygote
A zygote is the single cell tat is formed from the union of the sperm and egg. The zygote divides to form two cells, then 4, then 8, and so on.
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16. The Milestones in the Devlopment
1st trimester
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
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17. The 1st Trimester
Heart, brain, nerves, lungs, and digestive system forms.
Weight is about 1.5 ounces.
Length is about 1.5 inches.
First external signs of sex appear.
In the first 8 weeks the baby is called an embryo.
After the first 8 weeks the baby is then called a fetus.
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18. The 2nd Trimester Skin starts to develop
The fetus starts kicking a moving it’s arms
Heartbeat increases
Weight is about 1.5 pounds
Length is about inches
Fetus starts to respond to noise and pressure with movement
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19. The 3rd Trimester The eyes open Legs and arms move move more often
Almost all organs are complete
Skin is smooth and polished
Eyes are slate-colored
Birth weight is about 6-9 pounds
Birth length is about inches
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