1. Ch.3. Water Quality  What is WQ? Physical, chemical, biological characteristics of water Appropriateness of water properties for a given usage purpose  Water usage? Drinking Other household usage (shower, gardening, laundry, cooking, etc.) Agriculture Industry Leisure Others

2.  WQ criteria: The levels of the constituents (including pollutants) and other parameters indicating the water quality. The criteria can be set For inorganic parameters: ○ Anionic components: F, Cl, SO4, NO3, PO4 ○ Cationic components: All the metals, including heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, As, Se, Hg, etc. ○ Neutral coponents: Si, O2 For organic parameters: TDS, color, COD etc. For (micro)biological parameters: Coliforms, Salmonella, Viruses etc. For pesticides: Diazinon, Parathion, etc. For radio nuclides: 226 Ra, 228 Ra, alpha particle activity etc.

3.  WQ standards: Sets of recommended (maximum) levels of the criteria to secure the purpose of the water use Drinking water standards ○ WHO, USEPA, EU, ROK (see the Table on the next page) WHOUSEPAEU Surface water standards Groundwater standards ○ Groundwater quality standard of ROK Groundwater quality standard of ROK WQ standard for finfish WQ standard for paddy rice etc

4. From http://moohee21.com.ne.kr/NCWP.html Drinking water standards of The Republic of Korea

5. From http://en.engormix.com/MA-aquaculture/articles/aquaculture-water-quality-disease-t1160/165-p0.htm WQ standard for finfish (Australia)

6.  Potential health effects from ingestion of water Inorganic ○ As: Skin damage; circulatory system problems; increased risk of cancer ○ Pb: Infants and children-delays in physical or mental development. Adults-kidney problems; high blood pressure From http://colonelspeaks.wordpress.com/tag/mass-poisoning/

7. From http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/health10/overview.html From http://atlas-emergency-medicine.org.ua/ch.12.htm Arsenic (As) poisoning

8. Image courtesy of Paul Traughber, M.D., Boise, Idaho. This X-ray shows white bands of lead collected in the growth plates of the knee joints of a child Lead (Pb) poisoning From http://www.revolutionhealth.com/articles/x-ray-of-lead-poisoning-in-a-child/zm6084

9. ○ Cd: ‘Itai-Itai’ disease, kidney damage From http://pollutionpictures.blogspot.com/

10. ○ Hg: ‘Minamata’ disease, kidney damage From http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_health_effects.htm / Son With Birth Defects Due to Mercury Poisoning

11. ○ F: Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); Children may get mottled teeth. Researchers say in some villages nearly all adults suffer skeletal fluorosis. China. From http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1994/102-2/focus.html From http://curezone.com/forums/fm.asp?i=919190

12. ○ NO 3, NO 2 : "Blue baby syndrome" in infants under six months - life threatening without immediate medical attention. Symptoms: Infant looks blue and has shortness of breath. From http://www.bluebabysyndrome.org/87/how-to-identify-blue-baby-syndrome/ / Fingertips get swollen. Medically this is called as “Clubbing

13. From http://library.thinkquest.org/04oct/01590/pollution/culturaleutroph.jpg