1. World History
Chapter 9
The Americas

2. Section one The early Civilization of the Americas

4. Geography and its impact
Early civilization developed in North America, South America and Central America
Latin America= Central America, Mexico, South America and some Caribbean Islands
Spoke Latin based languages
Spanish, Portuguese and French
Caused by being annexed (colonized)

5. Land and Climate of Latin America
Plains
Cover most of Mexico, and South America
Highland plateaus –farming and grazing
Mountains
North American into Mexico
Sierra Madres
South America
Andes Mountains
(the whole of the western coast)

6. Important geographical feature Largest Rain Forest in the world
Land continued…..
Rain Forest
Important geographical feature
Largest Rain Forest in the world
Amazon River Basin rain forest
In South and Central America

7. Climate Mountains Coast and Interior Colder than in the lowlands
Snow on mountains
Coast and Interior
Tropical, wet to hot and dry climates

8. The first Americans crossed the Land bridge
13,000 years ago
Siberia (northern /Russia) connected to Alaska
Nomadic Asian people crossed this land bridge into the Americas to scatter through out the Americas

10. Between 3,400 B.C. learned to grow Maize
An important agricultural element
Became the basics of their diet
Dried after harvest and stored to serve as winter food.
Ground into flour for bread and cooked in a variety of ways

12. Olmecs Zapotecs Earliest known civilization in the Americas
Gulf of Mexico 1200 BC
Fishing and farming
Rubber trees
Rubber balls used on Stone courts
Art
Gigantic carved stone head
Calendar
Southeastern Mexico 500 B.C.
Writing system
Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon
Farmers, craft workers artisans, builders, merchants, warriors
traded with others
Priests and the rulers governed the city

15. Olmec Influence on the Mayans
Maize
Ceremonial centers with temple pyramids
Mayan’s Calendar based on the Olmec
Ball games
Rituals involving human sacrifice

17. Maya Location Guatemala, Belize and Yucatan Peninsula Sports
basketball
King ruled-priests and nobles helped
Social classes
Artisans, merchants, Peasants, Farmers, laborers
Independent city-states roads connected
Wealthy owned slaves

18. Gods and Priests Gods controlled the weather
Daily rituals to please the gods
Built huge pyramid temples in honor of the gods
Human sacrifice

19. Achievements Arts and Sciences
3651/4 day calendar
Studied astronomy and predicted solar eclipses
Math
first to use the concept of Zero
Writing system

21. Toltecs Dominated Central Mexico 950-1200 A.D.
Mining and trading empire
Pyramid building
Gods
Murals
Depicting gruesome battle scenes
Chief Bird Warriors
Piercing his own cheek for losing battle

24. Aztecs Central Mexico1200 A.D.
Unified empire under a Ruler chosen by the noble and priest
Calendar
Warriors
Miners-gold, precious stones
Farmer- maize, squash, beans, tobacco,

25. Human sacrifices to the Gods
Continued…..
Human sacrifices to the Gods
Most were prisoners
To be Sacrificed was a honor for the victim and the family
Schools
Boys- astronomy and religion
Both- trained on the what was required to be a adult.

26. temple

27. The Aztec Empire is part of Mexico today.
According to Aztec legend, the gods told the nomadic people who had entered the Valley of Mexico to search for an eagle perched on the top of a cactus. The eagle would be holding a snake in its beak.

28. Tenochititlan

29. Quetzelcoatl was a former white skinned and bearded priest.
came from the east and promised to return.
The god of civilization and learning.

30. Peru and the Incan Empire
Section 2
Peru and the Incan Empire

31. Peru Along the Pacific coast of South America Land is forested
Small % suitable for farming

32. Chavin Moche Northern Peru Built stone temple made of Adobe
B.C.
Built stone temple made of Adobe
Bricks made of sun dried clay
To honor the animal gods
Jaguar, serpent, alligator
B.C.
Built no cities/urban center
Aggressive people
Engineers built roads and irrigation canals
Collapsed 900 A.D.
Possible reasons
Drought, severe flooding

33. Do you believe in Aliens?
What do you think?

34. Nazca lines (Peru)
The are a series of drawings located in the Nazca Desert, a high arid plateau that stretches more than 50 miles. Believed to have been created between 200BC and 700 AD. There are hundreds of individual figures, ranging in complexity from simple lines to stylized hummingbirds, spiders, monkeys, fish, sharks or orcas, llamas, and lizards.

36. Spider

37. Monkey

38. Humming Bird

41. The Incas
Western coast of South America in the Andes Mountains
1500A.D.

43. Little is known about the early years. Aggressive people
Skilled architects
Built roads, stone walls, palaces
Postal service, (runners) (no writing system)

45. Incan Society highly developed religion and well defined social classes
Polytheistic
many gods: Moon, Stars, thunder, Sun God most important
Spirits live in every aspect of nature
Woman were trained to serve the Sun God

46. Incan Social Classes Social Classes Adopted Inca Provincial nobles
Pure Inca- ruling family and nobles
Adopted Inca
Nobles from (conquered) neighboring lands
Provincial nobles
Allowed to rule large estates
Ordinary people
Lowest class, highest %

47. Inca Families Families formed into groups (by 10)
1 man served as administrator
No taxes –supplied labor for social services
Services
given food, benefits for orphans and windows, feast for holidays
Government
Strict rulers
permission to travel through the empire
Clothing
Wear clothing connected to the people and from where they lived

49. Inca farming Families belonged to a group Owned the land jointly
The leader of the group followed government orders and assigned jobs to the family group

51. farming
Crops
Potatoes
Corn
Squash
Tomatoes
Peanuts
Cotton

52. Llamas Alpacas

53. Section 3 North American Groups

55. Native Americans No unified empires No cities, palaces,
Hunter gathers, farmers, trading with each other
Developed different languages, cultures, style of dress.
Adapted to the environment instead of changing it

56. Geography Huge land mass- Varying climates landforms
No rain, lots of rain, hot, cold
landforms
mountains, deserts, plains, forests
Rivers, lakes, and oceans

57. Western Groups Eskimos/ Inuit's (Northwestern)
Arctic region of Canada and Alaska
Tents made from animal skins
Tools made from teeth and bones

58. western Anasazi (Southwestern)
4 corners-Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah
Apartment style homes-adobe

59. Navajos Apaches Farmers and ranchers Lived on the open plains
Hunters, Raiding others

60. Eastern groups Mound Builder Hopewells
Mississippi and Ohio river valley
Disappeared in the 17th century

61. Iroquois and Hurons New York and Great Lakes area Farmers
Built longhouses
Wampum- colorful breads
Formed a confederacy
To get along