1. Development of WM strategy and implementation 1. Clarification of dominant nuclides and important characteristics of waste ( Cs only? with long-lived nuclides? Chemicals? Sodium? Organic material? ) 2. Determination of end state (land-fill disposal? 1000 years institutional control? Clearance?) 3. Creation of waste stream according to waste characteristics (interim storage? How long? Pre-treatment? Treatment? ) 4. Determine how to characterise waste in consideration of SC development for long-term safety / Development of regulatory framework (origin? / area? / Waste classification?) 5. Determine procedure for implementation / realistic authorization (inspection) system 1: by sampling and analysis 2: Communication with stakeholders including public representative 3-5: Iteration with regulators / implementers

2. Some considerations on developing WM strategies  Existing waste stream / regulations / waste classifications / safety standards might not be feasible for the management of radioactive waste arising from remediation or accident  Need to understand minimum requirement for safety and adjust the regulatory framework accordingly e.g.) ChNPP: disposal of long-lived wastes to NSD & long term institutional control  Requirement for the disposal facility (storage facility) differs if it is in an exclusion zone or residential zone.  Sophisticated waste characterization won’t be possible. Verification also needs to be simple.

3. How to find “should not do” and “should do”? Experience from successful completion of legacy site remediation: - long-term preparation period - organization and human resources  Understand the difference between disposal facility (storage facility) for normal waste and legacy waste  pick up key issues to ensure long-term safety  suggestion on “what to do” even in the aftermath of an accident Experience from recovery from accidents: - lack of preparation / short-term action - lack of sophisticated organization / severe working environment - involvement of new stakeholders / pressure to re-evacuation  Learn lessons on safety issues facing even long period after the accident  Pick up key issues that should have been implemented or that shouldn’t have been implemented even in the aftermath of an accident