1. Avian Influenza Surveillance in DKI Jakarta 2007 - 2010 IDP Project Closing Meeting - Bogor, 2 November 2011

2. Presentation Outline Introduction Jakarta Surveillance Activity – Sentinel surveillance in 2007 and 2009-2010 – Surveillance of incoming poultry batches in 2008 and 2009-2010 Discussion - implications – Public health – Animal health/disease control – Implications for surveillance Conclusions of the total Jakarta surveillance activities 2

3. Introduction 3 PCFs Spent Chickens Broilers Native Chickens Male Layer Restaurant Small Slaughtering houses Catering Live Bird Market

4. Sentinel Surveillance 2007 and 2009 4

5. Objective 2007 study Is HPAI H5N1 virus present in the PCFs 2009 study Knowing the presence of HPAI H5N1 in PCFs : – Frequency of introduction by incoming poultry versus persistence of H5N1 virus in PCFs – Origin of H5N1 infected poultry batches 5

6. Measuring virus circulation In our study we used sentinel birds to detect circulating H5 AI virus What is a sentinel bird: – In our study: layers unvaccinated against AI – Vaccinated against other poultry diseases Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 6

7. 7 Continuous surveillance during 90 (2007)or 60 d. (2009) PCFs How did we do it? Score clinical signs and mortality BKHI Lab (PCR test) Daily Surveillance Place sentinels in PCFs (between bird in PCF)

8. Results 20072009 Nr. of PFCNr. of PFCs TotalH5 PCR positive (%)TotalH5 PCR positive (%) 3832 (84.2%)4031 (77.5%) 8 Case definition of positive PCFs: PCFs with one or more sick or dead sentinel that tested positive for H5 by PCR test. 80% of the sentinels died within one week.

9. Conclusion H5 AI virus was detected on the majority of PCFs in Jakarta Origin of virus is unknown Link with public health risk is unknown

10. Implications on Policies DKI Jakarta government : Issued the relocation of PCFs into specialized areas (Perda no. 4 tahun 2007) 10

11. Surveillance of Incoming Poultry Batches in PCFs, DKI Jakarta 2008 and 2009-2010 11

12. Objectives Does HPAI H5N1 virus persist in PCF or is it frequently introduced? Can surveillance of incoming poultry batches be used to identify sources of HPAI in the country? 12

13. Reasoning This study might contribute to developing control measures aiming at interrupting the AI infection chain in the poultry industry – Type of control measures depends on cause of positivity of PCFs Surveillance of PCFs via incoming poultry – might provide insight in type of circulating virus strains including those in commercial industry – the occurrence of evolution of virus strains – identification of main sources for virus circulation 13

14. How did we do it? 14 PCFs Sampling Incoming Poultry (tracheal swabs ) Environmental Samples

15. 15 Result 20082009-2010 Nr positive/tot. (%) (+) Poultry Batch8/381 (1.38%)50/1549 (3.2%) PCFs with (+) batches3 /12 (25.0%)12/40 (30.0%) Result 20082009-2010 Nr positive/tot. (%) (+) Environment sample4/143 (2,8%)13/157 (8,3%) PCFs with (+) environment sample 2 /12 (16,7%)12/40 (30%) PCR results H5 detection

16. Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 16 Type of birds sampled

17. Type of Infected Poultry Batches Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 17

18. Implications on AI Surveillance SentinelIncoming Transport AdvantageDisadvantageAdvantageDisadvantage SensitiveDon’t know the source Detailed source information Relatively expensive Pin point PCFs at Risk Need Continues Monitoring Pin point origin/farm/regi on at risk Targeted response if the result quick enough Good way to collect Virus Expensive, need logistic sustainable Allow targeted response Should be based on random sampling No targeted in response 18

19. Conclusions Persistence or introduction via batches: – 2.5% of incoming batches was HPAI H5 positive – No conclusion about the persistence in PCFs Surveillance useful for identification AI sources in the country? – Percentage of infected batches differed between different areas – Virus detected in poultry from all sectors 19

20. Acknowledgement Indonesian – Dutch Partnership Program Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Economic affairs, Agriculture and Innovation, the Netherlands Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta Municipal Governments in DKI Jakarta BKHI Laboratory

21. THANK YOU Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 21

22. Di presentasikan Pada Penutupan IDP Project, Bogor. 2 November 2011 22