1. Southeast Alaska Tidal In-Stream Energy Resources January 23, 2007 Roger Bedard/ EPRI Ocean Energy Leader Brian Polagye/ University of Washington Southeast Alaska

2. 2 Summary An Assessment of the In-Stream Tidal Energy Resources in SE Alaska Cross sectional area (m 2 ) Average depth (m) Power density (kW/m 2 ) Total kinetic power in the stream (MW) Glacier and Lituya Bays excluded (within Glacier National Park) Cross Sound and Icy Strait show a massive energy potential Many high quality (high power density), small (low average annual power) sites could provide power for remote locations Recommend next steps for Alaska are Site feasibility and economic assessments Detailed resource measurements and modelling Consider Cross Sound and Icy Strait in transmission intertie studies Consider environmental sensitivity, particularly need for studying the potential impacts on migrating salmon and whales

3. 3 Tidal Sites in 2005/2006 EPRI North America Collaborative Study Knik Arm AK Tacoma Narrows WA Golden Gate SF CA Minas Passage NS Western Passage ME Muskeget Channel MA Head Harbor Passage NB

4. 4 Available Tidal In-Stream Power at EPRI 2005/2006 Study Sites 1,0135610413.3237106116 Total kinetic power in the stream (MW) (annual depth averaged) 4.50.942.90.953.21.71.6 Power Density (kW/m 2 ) (annual depth averaged) 225,00060,00036,00017,50074,70062,60072,500 Cross-sectional area (m 2 ) NSNBMEMACAWAAK

5. 5 Very Late 2006 SE Alaska Tidal In Stream Resource Study Alaska Energy Authority (AEA) contracted EPRI to assess the In- Stream Tidal Energy Resources in SE Alaska Cross sectional area (m 2 ) Average depth (m) Power density (kW/m 2 ) (annual depth averaged) Total kinetic power in the stream (MW) (annual depth averaged) Glacier and Lituya Bays excluded (within Glacier National Park) EPRI Report EPRI TP – 003 – SE AK is posted under the Tidal Page at www.epri.com/oceanenergy/

6. 6 Where are the Sites Relative to the Transmission Lines? Wrangell Narrows Felice Strait Kootzhano o Inlet Tonowek Narrows Cross Sound and Icy Strait Sergius Narrows Tlevak Narrows

7. 7 Cross Sound and Icy Strait Sites South Inian Pass 4.3 kW/m 2 150 MW South Passage 0.9 kW/m 2 420 MW Gustavus Glacier National Park Lemesurier Island Cross Sound Icy Strait Chichagof Island Elfin Cove North Inian Pass 2.5 kW/m 2 1600 MW Large resource Strong currents Small resource Weaker currents North Passage 1.3 kW/m 2 480 MW

8. 8 South Inian Pass Site and Bathymetry South Inian Pass

9. 9 South Inian Pass In Stream Power

10. 10 South Inian Pass Site Characteristics Site Characteristics Channel Width Average Depth (MLLW reference) Deepest Point (MLLW reference) Average Cross-sectional Area Maximum Surface Current 720 m 46 m 86 m 34,000 m 2 4.9 m/s Tidal Energy Statistics Depth Average Power Density Average Power Available 4.3 kW/m 2 150 MW

11. 11 Prince of Wales Island and Wrangell Narrows Sites Kupreanof Island Mitkof Island Keene Island Petersburg Foul with mud and rocks Turn Point 1.8 kW/m 2 9 MW South Ledge 2.6 kW/m 2 12 MW Spike Rock 2.6 kW/m 2 9 MW Prince of Wales Island Mainland Craig Tonowek Narrows 0.7 kW/m 2 11 MW Tlevak Narrows 1.5 kW/m 2 18 MW Large resource Strong currents Small resource Weaker currents

12. 12 Wrangell Narrows Power and Bathymetry

13. 13 Chatham and Peril Strait Sites Peril Strait Chichagof Island Baranof Island Chatham Strait Sergius Narrows 4.5 kW/m 2 25 MW Chatham Strait Admiralty Island Angoon Mitchell Bay Chichagof Island Kootznahoo Inlet 7.4 kW/m 2 23 MW Large resource Strong currents Small resource Weaker currents

14. 14 SE Alaska Site Resource Summary

15. 15 SE Alaska Site Commercial Potential

16. 16 Conclusions and Recommendations Cross Sound and Icy Strait show a massive energy potential High quality (high power density), small (low average annual power) sites could provide power for remote locations EPRI Report EPRI TP – 003 – SE AK is posted under the Tidal Page at www.epri.com/oceanenergy Next steps for Alaska are Site feasibility and economic assessments Detailed resource measurements and modelling Consider Cross Sound and Icy Strait in Transmission Intertie studies Consider environmental sensitivity, particularly need for studying the potential impacts on migrating salmon and whales Do what is needed to attract private investors

17. 17 Thank you Roger Bedard Ph: 650-855-2131 Email: rbedard@epri.com