1. 8636 bp 18s TG (10 nM) 0 1 3 6 12 24 TG (100 nM) 0 1 3 6 12 24 (hr) Supplemental Fig. 1 Supplemental Fig. 2 CHOP GRP78 GRP94 CHOP GRP78 GRP94 homocysteine (mM) palmitate (mM) 0 0.1 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 homocysteine (mM) 0 0.1 1 palmitate (mM) 0 0.1 0.2 0.5 Supplemental Fig. 3 0 5 50 500 TM (ng/ml) CHOP GRP78 GRP94 TM (ng/ml) 0 5 50 500 18s 8636 bp 18s 8636 bp * mtDNA/nDNA (arbitrary unit) mtDNA/nDNA (arbitrary unit) * 18s 8636 bp mtDNA/nDNA (arbitrary unit) *

2. HepG2 cell NRF-1 TFAM 18s HO-1 PGC1α CHOP GRP78 XBP-1 TG (10nM ) 0 3 6 12 18 24 A B 18s TG (10nM ) 0 3 6 12 18 24 NRF-1 TFAM 18s HO-1 PGC1α TG ( nM) - 10 100 XBP-1 18s TG ( nM) - 10 100 U937 cells Supplemental Fig. 4 CHOP GRP78

3. - 10 100 WT TG (nM) - 10 100 8636 bp 18s PERK -/- B 8636 bp 18s TG (100 nM) - + + + + ZnPP (  M) - - 5 10 20 A Supplemental Fig. 5 TG (100 nM) - + + + + - Hb (  g) - - 5 10 20 20 A 8636 bp 18s Supplemental Fig. 6