1. Josh v.d. Kroft, Gabby Arancio, Taylor Hopwood, Stevi Juall
GI Tract Presentation
Josh v.d. Kroft, Gabby Arancio, Taylor Hopwood, Stevi Juall

2. Celiac Disease
An autoimmune disorder that prevents gluten and other nutrients from being absorbed
Causes diarrhoea and general discomfort when bread and other gluten-containing foods are eaten

3. Destroys body tissue–intestines

4. Not usually obvious at first Diagnosed when symptoms appear
Diagnosis
Not usually obvious at first
Diagnosed when symptoms appear
loose stool
weight loss
fatigue
anemia

5. Appendicitis
Inflammation of the Appendix caused by obstruction of the Appendix lumen
Classified as a
medical
emergency

6. Diagnosis Based on symptoms and physical signs May require ultrasound
abdominal pain
nausea
vomiting
fever
May require ultrasound

7. Treatment
Surgical
-Usually laparoscopic

8. Treatment
Pain
Medications are
administered

9. Peptic Ulcers
A peptic ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
Peptic ulcers occur when acids that help you digest food damage the walls of these two body parts.
Also, they can less commonly occur in the esophagus.

13. Etiologies
H.pylori
The Helicobacter pylori bacteria is a germ that causes infection. The bacteria is suspected to be spread through mouth to mouth contact due to consumption of unclean food and water. Past stuies show that the H.pylori bacteria was found in 80% of patients with gastric and duodenum ulcers.

14. Etiologies (cont) NSAIDS
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are a common cause of ulcers.
Most common in people who have taken them for a long time.

16. Symptoms Dull, burning pain in the stomach
Can be felt anywhere between the breastbone and bellybutton.
Pain can start between meals or at night, can come and go for weeks and last from minutes to several hours.

17. Symptoms Cont. Seek Immediate Help if: 1. Stool is bloody or black
Sudden, sharp pain won’t go away
Bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee grinds
These are signs that the ulcer has broken a blood vessel, perforated a stomach wall/duodenal wall, or stopped the movement of food.

18. Treatment "Triple Theory"
Usually this procedure is effective in one week of treatment 80% of the time.
Consists of a 7-day course of treatment involving the use of two antibiotics and a full-dose proton pump inhibitor. (PPI- a medicine that reduces acid production)
Emergency surgery for extreme and necessary cases is also a method of treatment.

19. DIAGNOSIS:
To see if H.pylori infection is present, doctors test stool, breath, or blood. They may also look into the stomach by performing an endoscopy (type of x-ray that examines the GI system, tube with light attached to it).

21. The Processes & Parts of the GI (Digestive) System
Ingestion (Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus)
The teeth grind up food in the mouth with the help of saliva
Saliva is produced by the salivary glands to moisten and break down food and eventually provide lubrication for the pharynx to swallow the food through the esophagus
The food consumed travels down until it reaches the stomach

22. Absorption (Stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
The stomach’s lining has millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juices every time a person eats
These juices breakdown the food ion the stomach and pass it along
Once the contents in the stomach are liquefied, they travel into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum)

23. The two passages that enter the duodenum are
The duodenum is where most vitamins and minerals are extracted and absorbed
The two passages that enter the duodenum are
The one draining the gall bladder and secreting bile (yellow, greenish liquid that helps digest foods) from the liver
The one draining the pancreas

24. Crohn’s Disease

25. What is it?
Chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract.
NOT the same as ulcerative colitis
Usually affects the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the colon, BUT is not solely restricted to those parts. It can affect any part of the digestive tract.

26. What are the Symptoms? Specific: Persistent Diarrhea Rectal Bleeding
Frequent need to move bowels
Abdominal cramps/pain
Sensation of incomplete evacuation
Constipation
Mouth ulcers
Swollen gums
Eye inflammation
General:
Fever
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Fatigue
Night sweats
Loss of menstrual cycle
Joint pain

27. What are some complications?
Abscess
Bowel obstructions
Erythema nodosum
Swelling of joints
Lesions in eye
Nutritional deficiency
Pyoderma gangrenosum

28. How does this happen? Not yet completely understood
Hereditary/genetic influence
Immune system attacks own healthy tissue
Can occur at any age. Most cases are between years old
Those with Crohn’s are at higher risk for colon cancer

29. What can be done to treat it?
No known cure
Healthy diet
Fiber supplements
NO aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen
Biologic therapy: Infliximab and adalimumab used for severe cases
Surgery to remove damaged/diseased part(s) of intestines:
Ileostomy
Small/large bowel resection
Total abdominal colectomy
Total protocolectomy with ileostomy
Total protocolectomy using pull-through technique