1. Bullying, is it Possible to Change Childrens View About it ? Ansia Jalani Ed. 702.22 Fall 2009

2. Table of Contents Research Design Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity Proposed Data Proposed Data Analysis References

3. Research Design One Group Pretest-Posttest Design One single group is pre tested (O), exposed to treatment (X) and post tested again (O). Symbolic design - OXO

4. Possible Threats to Internal Validity History Students yelling and walking in the hallways. Testing/Pre-testing Sensitization Based on the first survey students will feel that they know what to say on the second survey. Instrumentation Students can lie on the surveys if they do not want to write down the truth. Morality Some students may stop coming to the school. Differential Selection of Subjects Every student has their own personality and their own mind. They all differ from their classmates.

5. Possible Threats to External Validity Ecological Depending on the environment a student if from they might have different views from other students. Genereliazble Conditions Depending upon number of students and age and location of students the results will be different. Pretest-Treatment Student will feel like they have to write down positive answers. Selection treatment Interaction Students who perform the skit will be students. Multiple Treatment Students will receive a group talk and watch a skit.

6. Pre-Survey and Post Survey One question chosen from Pre-survey and Post survey. Pre-survey question # 3 Do you bully a younger brother or sister? Post-survey question # 3 Do you continue to bully a younger brother or sister?

7. Proposed Data (Pre-survey and Post-survey) Linear graph represents pre and post survey data. There are three points that overlap one another. Those three children had the same answers in the pre and post survey. The points are; 3,1;2,4 and 2,2. X Y Student 1 - 4 4 Student 2 - 3 1 Student 3 - 2 4 Student 4 - 2 2 Student 5 - 4 1 Student 6 - 2 4 Student 7 - 3 3 Student 8 - 2 2 Student 9 - 3 1 Student 10 - 3 4

8. Proposed Data (Bar Graph) Orange represents (X) made up data for post survey. Purple represents (Y) actual pre-survey question results. XY Student 1 - 44 Student 2 - 31 Student 3 - 24 Student 4 - 22 Student 5 - 41 Student 6 - 24 Student 7 - 33 Student 8 - 22 Student 9 - 31 Student 10 - 34

9. Proposed Data (Average Analysis) Orange represents X, purple represents Y. This bar graph shows the average of each of the answers for the two surveys. X Y 2.11.8 1.91.6 2.82.6 2.1 2.4 2.51.8 2.21.5 2.22.3 2.7 2.11.5

10. Proposed Data Analysis Correlation = -0.18783. There was no correlation.

11. References OOconnor-Petruso, S.,(2008). Statistics, Scales, Analyses, Threats, and Design. Presented at a EDU 703.22 lecture at Brooklyn College.