1. GC Unit 6
The Age of Exploration

2. Motivations “Glory, God and Gold”
Gold: Spices (Marco Polo and Travels)
Demand had risen as population recovered
God: Chance to crusade against heathens and spread Roman Catholic faith
Glory: Renaissance spirit of inquiry

3. Innovation and Invention
Maps (Cartography)
Prince Henry the Navigator
The Astrolabe (latitude) and Compass
Better vessels called Caravels
triangle sails, fixed rudders, wider hulls
Armaments
Better cannons

5. Portuguese are the first
Led by Prince Henry
Redesigned ships, made maps, trained sailors at school in Sagres
Bartholomeu Dias: Southern most tip of Africa (1488)
Vasco da Gama: First to reach India; established trading in India (1498)

6. Christopher Columbus Spain wants in on trade profits
Sail West to get East
1492 Ferdinand and Isabella give him 3 ships
Depart Aug 3rd
Scurvy, misery
Arrive at San Salvador October 12th 1492

7. The voyages of Columbus

8. Dividing the World
Spain and Portugal agree to the Line of Demarcation in 1493
Portugal gets the East and Spain the West
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 gave Brazil to Portugal
Pedro Cabral claimed it for Portugal in 1500

9. Ferdinand Magellan
September 1519 set out for a 2 year voyage to circumnavigate
Portuguese but working for Spain
5 ships 285 men
November ships enter the Strait of Magellan and sail into the Pacific Ocean
March 1521 reach the Philippines
Magellan killed
September 8th men and 1 ship return home

10. The Northwest Passage
1497 John Cabot sent by Henry VIII to look for a route over N. America to the East
Newfoundland (Grand Banks)
1535 Jacques Cartier and (France) Samuel De Champlain
Henry Hudson
1609 had claimed New Amsterdam for the Dutch
Hudson Bay

11. The Spanish Empire Conquistadores
1519 Hernan Cortes defeated the Aztecs and Montezuma (Mexico)
1532 Francisco Pizarro Defeats the Incas and Atahualpa (Peru)

12. The Spanish Model of Colonization
Policies
Viceroys (royal governors provide tight control)
No women except natives
Wealth based on exploitation of natives and then Africans (by 1542)

13. Impacts of Spanish colonization
Destruction of native language, culture and religion
“Columbian exchange”
New social structure
Penninsulare,
Creole
Mestizo / Mulattoe
Native Indian / African

14. Columbian Exchange