1. CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present)
CALL TO FREEDOM--Beginnings to 1877
4/6/2017
CITIZENSHIP AND THE CONSTITUTION (1787–Present)
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

2. Section 1: Understanding the Constitution
Balance of Power
The constitution tried to balance the state and federal government by giving each the following powers:
Delegated powers – federal government
Reserved powers – state government
Concurrent powers – shared by state and federal government
Representative Democracy- govt. led by elected officials
Elastic Clause -allows congress to make laws that are “necessary and proper”

3. Understanding the Constitution
SECTION 1
Understanding the Constitution
Delegated Powers
Concurrent
Powers
Reserved Powers
coining money
providing for the nation’s defense
declaring war
conducting diplomacy
regulating interstate & international trade
taxing
borrowing money
enforcing laws
providing for citizens’ welfare
conducting elections
establishing local governments
regulating education
regulating trade within each state

4. Separation of Powers
Montesquieu felt that the government should be divided into three branches: The legislative, executive, and judicial
He based his beliefs on the English system of Government

5. Separation of Powers

6. Checks and Balances
Each branch of government should be able to check the other two
This would keep them in line, and prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful

7. Role of Monarchs Montesquieu was opposed to absolute monarchy
He felt that the monarch should be the head of the executive branch
One executive leader would be more effective than many

8. Liberty
Montesquieu believed that there is no liberty if the powers aren’t separated
Also believed that women were NOT worthy of the same liberties as men

9. Effects on the modern world
Inspired American form of government
For example, the separation of powers with a system of checks and balances was adopted

10. 3 Branches of Government Congress, the President, and the Federal Courts

11. Congress-Legislative Branch
House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is elected
Senate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents
“Makes the law”
Each of the two houses of Congress was granted different powers. Each was also designed with different methods of election and different term lengths, making the House more receptive to public opinion and the Senate more stable.

12. POTUS & VPOTUS Executive Branch
“Carries out the law”
The President would be chosen by a group of electors from each state. The candidate with the majority of votes in the electoral college, would become President. The President was granted the power to veto Congress and to appoint judges.
Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years

13. The Federal Courts-Judicial
“Interpret the law”
The Constitution calls for one Supreme Court and several lesser courts, although the details of the federal court system were intentionally left vague.
appointed by president for life, no special requirements

14. Requirements for Membership
Section 1: Understanding the Constitution
Requirements for Membership
Legislative Branch
House of Representatives – 25 years old, U.S. citizen for 7 years, resident of state in which he or she is elected
Senate – 30 years old, U.S. citizen for 9 years, resident of the state he or she represents
Executive Branch – 35 years old, native born citizen, U.S. resident for 14 years
Judicial Branch – appointed by president for life, no special requirements

15. The Bill of Rights
Section 2

16. Main Freedoms Outlined in the First Amendment and Their Importance
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
Main Freedoms Outlined in the First Amendment and Their Importance
The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and the right to petition.
These rights are important because they form the most basic rights of all citizens.

17. The Bill of Rights SECTION 2 First Amendment Freedom of Religion
The country cannot have an official religion.
First
Amendment
Freedom of the Press
People cannot libel or slander others.
Freedom of Speech
People cannot yell “Fire!” in a crowded theater.
Freedom to Petition
Any American can present a petition to a government official.
Freedom of Assembly
People can hold meetings.

18. The Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments address colonial grievances.
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
The Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments address colonial grievances.
Second – state militia
Third – no quartering of soldiers in peacetime
Fourth – no unreasonable searches and seizures/search warrants

19. The Rights of the Accused – 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Amendments
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
The Rights of the Accused – 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Amendments
5th Amendment – due process of law, indictment, no person forced to testify at his own trial, no double jeopardy
6th Amendment – quick trial by jury, nature and cause accusation, confronted with the witness against him, obtaining witnesses in his favor, right to an attorney

20. The Rights of the Accused – 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Amendments
Section 2: The Bill of Rights
(continued)
The Rights of the Accused – 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Amendments
7th Amendment – jury can decide civil cases
8th Amendment – no excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

21. Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Becoming a U.S. Citizen
birth
naturalization

22. Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Duties of Citizens
fulfill civic responsibilities
obey and know the laws
respect authority and the rights of others
pay taxes
protect the nation in time of danger
serve on juries

23. Section 3: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Citizen Involvement
Citizens should be involved in their community and government to
strengthen their nation
help their neighbors
VOTE

24. Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
SECTION 3
Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Organization
Activities and Results
Citizens on Patrol and Neighborhood Watch
patrol their neighborhood; report criminal activity to the police; help prevent crime; keep crime rates down in the neighborhood
American Red Cross
does jobs along with the government; helps citizens in times of natural disasters or emergencies
Habitat for Humanity
builds houses for low-income families
Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts
plan many projects for the community, such as planting trees

25. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 9
1. How does the Constitution prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful? Be sure to consider all three branches of government.
2. Why is voting an important responsibility in a representative democracy?
3. In what ways does the U.S. government protect the rights of all Americans?