1. Kingdom Archaebacteria & Kingdom Eubacteria
Unit 2 - Biodiversity

2. Bacteria – Prokaryotic Organisms
Both kingdoms (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) were once collectively known as Kingdom Monera.
Prokaryotic
Means that it doesn’t have a nucleus. A nucleus holds all of a cells DNA, so the DNA in a bacteria cell is just “stuffed” inside the cell, along with free floating ribosomes (which help make proteins and have RNA).
Reproduces by binary fission
Since the cell’s DNA is not concentrated in one area all the bacteria cell has to do is double it’s genetic material, and split in half.

3. Binary fission – Asexual Reproduction

4. Bacteria – Single Celled Organisms
All bacteria cells are unicellular. All the characteristics of life occur in one cell.
If lots of cells divide and live in one area (usually cultured on agar) it is called a colony.

5. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Differ from Eubacteria in the fact that their RNA (found in ribosomes) is arranged differently and cell walls are different.
They are mostly anaerobic (don’t need oxygen)
Are found in very harsh environments
Very salty, acidic and hot places.
Volcanic Vents, Hot springs, bottom of the ocean.
Thought to be the oldest living organisms on Earth.
It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere began as a mixture of poisonous gases, where only this type of organism could have survived.

6. Kingdom Eubacteria Most common bacteria. Found everywhere
All known pathogens (the bacteria that makes you sick) are in K. Eubacteria
Also all the good for you bacteria (like in yogurt).
Examples include:
Streptococcus
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Lactobacillus

7. Pictures – Look alike to me
Pictures – Look alike to me??? I can see why they were once grouped together 
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

8. Naming Bacteria – What’s your shape?
Often bacteria is named for it’s shape and arrangement.
Shapes
(most common)
Coccus (sphere shaped)
Bacillus (rod shaped)
Sprillium (spiral shaped)
Arrangements
(most common)
Strepto (chain)
Staphylo (cluster)
Diplo (pair)

9. Bacteria and you – Pros & Cons
Positive Contributions
Negative Aspects
Decomposers
“Fix” nitrogen into a useable form
Food production—yogurt, cheese, etc.
Sewage Treatment
Clean Oil Spills
Source of antibiotics
Disease
Syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, strep throat, botulism, etc.
Food Spoilage
Resistance to drugs.