1. Life History Patterns and Habitat Use in the Upper Columbia Greer Maier Science Program Manager Upper Columbia Salmon Recovery Board

2. GOALS OF THE SESSION Improve current understanding of life history and habitat use of listed salmonids in order to inform ongoing recovery plan implementation. Create dialogue between project sponsors, decision- makers, and research and monitoring entities. Generate a summary of information gaps and current information about life history and habitat use of UC populations.

3. WHY IS LIFE HISTORY IMPORTANT? Diverse life histories contribute to population resilience. Habitat opportunity, capacity, and performance can be greatly influenced by life history (and vise versa) AND  Habitat opportunity, capacity, and performance can greatly influence population capacity, growth, and productivity (and vise versa) Effective and efficient recovery strategies, actions, and decisions are often based on our understanding of life history and habitat use.

4. WHAT IS LIFE HISTORY? Life history is defined as the combination of traits exhibited by an organism throughout its life cycle. Life history characteristics can be imagined as various investments and tradeoffs in growth, reproduction, and survivorship.

5. WHY IS LIFE HISTORY IMPORTANT? Simenstad and Fresh

6. HOW ARE HABITAT & LIFE HISTORY LINKED? Simenstad and Fresh

7. Long-Term (generations) Genetics Habitat and Environmental Conditions Short-Term (year-to-year) Individual Behavior Growth and Performance Carrying Capacity Habitat and Environmental Conditions WHAT DRIVES LIFE HISTORY?

8. Simenstad and Fresh

9. EXISTING RESOURCES General life history patterns in UC (e.g. Chapman et al. 1995, Peven 2003, UCSRB 2007, Andonegui 2001) Emerging Research (e.g. Tomaro et al. 2012, Miller 2011, Tucker et al. 2011, Benjamin et al. 2012) PIT Tag Datasets Ongoing modeling efforts

10. General Life History Patterns SPRING CHINOOK Spring (Mid-May peak) Adult Migration Late Summer (August-Sept peak) Spawning Early Spring Emergence Summer Parr Rearing Fall Juvenile Redistribution Juvenile Overwintering Spring (May Peak) Smolt Migration Days-to-months estuarine rearing 1-4 years (2-3 average) ocean rearing

11. General Life History Patterns STEELHEAD Summer (Aug-Sept Peak) Adult Migration Following Spring (April peak) Spawning Summer Emergence Fall Parr Rearing Juvenile Rearing 1-7 years (2-3 years average) Spring (April-May Peak) Smolt Migration Days-to-months estuarine rearing 1-4 years (2 years average) ocean rearing

12. FOCAL SPECIES & LIFE STAGES Spring Chinook, Steelhead, and Bull Trout Adult Migration/Holding Spawning Fry Summer Parr Winter Juvenile Emigrant

13. KEY QUESTIONS BY LIFE STAGE, BY SUBBASIN: Timing Age-structure Areas of occupancy and use Movement and Behavior Habitat characteristics and environmental factors Survival, growth, and carrying capacity