2. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Module XI Trainer training

3. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training2 Objectives  Discovering the training profession  Speaking in front of a group  Identifying learning factors  Knowing teaching rules  Designing a training program Keep an eye on your objectives …

4. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training3 Objectives  Developing tools and teaching aids  Identifying interpersonal communication phenomena  Designing and implementing a training program  Teaching a training sequence Keep an eye on your objectives …

5. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training4 Methods Guess you’ll like the way we’ll work … Radiation protection training role plays Reporting back to whole group Brainstorming in small groups Practice exercises Contributions in theory and methodology Discovery

6. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training5 Assessment  At course midpoint: questions and discussion.  Participants analyze each other's presentations using an assessment grid (+/- points).  Written test of acquired notions upon completion of the training program.  Final training assessment. I know you can …

7. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training6 Program Monday TuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday Welcome Experiences and training needs of participants Presentation of context Objective 1 Discovering the training profession Objective 4 Knowing teaching rules Objective 5 Practice kicking off the training session Objective 8 Designing a training sequence Objective 10 Teaching a training sequence (cont) Objective 10 Teaching a training sequence (cont) Objective 11 Knowing IAEA reference documents Objective 2 Speaking in front of a group Objective 3 Identifying learning factors Objective 6 Designing a training course Objective 7 Designing teaching tools and aids Midpoint Evaluation Objective 9 Identifying interpersonal communication phenomena Objective 10 Teaching a training sequence Objective 10 Teaching a training sequence (cont) Assessment

8. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training7 Forming the group Welcoming participantsIntroducing the participants to one another Presenting course objectives and program

9. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training8 Speaking in front of a group Communicating 50 % form 50 % substance

10. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training9 Speaking in front of a group Three fields physicalvocal intellectual

11. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training10 Learning factors Four main learning factors Perceiving othersMotivation Understanding Memorization

12. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training11 Awareness of one’s own- progress Practical application The relationship with the trainer The link between new materials and experience Group dynamics and group participation A clear vision of objectives to be reached Affective factors contributing to positive motivation Motivation

13. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training12 Motivation The trainer must:  Identify and take into account the areas of interest of the trainees  Specify objectives  Facilitate exchanges  Encourage expression of difficulties  Use pictures  Provide practical exercises and role plays

14. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training13 Three important factors influence perception Perception The person perceivingThe person who is perceived The situation

15. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training14 Memorization There are two types of memory Short-term memoryLong-term memory The difference between these two types of memory resides in the assimilation process.

16. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training15 Memorization Assimilation is based on three factors MotivationTechniques Reactivation

17. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training16 Memorization

18. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training17 Understanding The two sides of the brain Left Organization  Methods  Processes  Safety Analysis  Facts  Logic  Reasoning  Language Right Creativity  Concepts  Imagination  Globalization  Diagrams/drawings Relationships  Atmosphere  Sharing  Human warmth

19. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training18 Adapting your language: Selecting words and formulas Penetration of ionizing rays in materials:  Heavy charged particles (alpha)  Electromagnetic rays (gamma and X)

20. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training19 Adapting your language: Selecting words and formulas Penetration of ionizing rays in materials: Heavy charged particles (alpha) q2 E T.E.L = K. ----. N. Z and Path = --------- v2 T.E.L whereK : constant q : charge of incident particle Z : atomic number of atoms in medium N : number of atoms per unit volume of medium crossed v : speed of incident particle E : energy of incident particle

21. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training20 Adapting your language: Selecting words and formulas Penetration of ionizing rays in materials: Electromagnetic rays (gamma and X) I = I0 e-µx whereI : emerging flux I0 : incident flux µ : lineic attenuation coefficient x : thickness of material

22. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training21 Adapting your language: Selecting words and formulas leadpaperaluminium

23. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training22 Adapting your language: Selecting words and formulas Dose equivalent H D T,R = average does equivalent in tissue T due to ionizing ray R (in gray) W R = weighting factor for Ray R. 1 for b, g and X 20 for a 10 (3 to 20) for neutrons Unit used: Sieverts (Sv) H T =  R D T,R x W R

24. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training23 Adapting your language: Selecting words and formulas Isotope Becquerel (Bq) Absorbed Dose D T,R Gray (Gy) Dose equivalent H T Sievert (Sv)

25. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training24 Knowing training rules The six essential rules Clearly announce topic, course outline, objectives Explaining concepts and terms used Observe the "rule of 3"Use multiple techniques Use language appropriate for oral communication Provide effective means of assimilation

26. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training25 Teaching techniques The 10 techniques trainers use Lecture Demonstration Manipulation Experiment Discussion Assessment Training Reading Simulation Case studie

27. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training26 Components of a training program The eight components in course specifications Needs Audience Training objectives Teaching objectives Course entry requirements Content Assessment tools Scenario

28. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training27 Training needs Training needs may be expressed in terms of … KnowledgeKnow-howHuman skills

29. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training28 Audience Target audience may be defined in … General characteristics Professional experience Attitude with respect to training program

30. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training29 Teaching objectives Teaching objectives translate this purpose into measurable actions …taking into account Level of performance to be reached Conditions and methods Criteria for success

31. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training30 Content Objective no. 1 Objective no. 2 Objective no. 3 Objective no. 4 Objective no. 5 Sub-objective 1-1 Sub-objective 2-1 Sub-objective 2-2 Sub-objective 2-3 Sub-objective 3-1 Sub-objective 3-2 Sub-objective 3-3 Sub-objective 3-4 Sub-objective 4-1 Sub-objective 4-2 Sub-objective 4-3 Sub-objective 5-1 Sub-objective 5-2 Sub-objective 5-3 Sub-objective 5-4 Training objective

32. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training31 The teaching scenario Methods LectureDemonstrative InterrogativeActive methods

33. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training32 The teaching scenario Situations ExercisesTestingCase studies Role playsWork in small groups Testing of acquired skills

34. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training33 Assessment Two types of assessment Assessments enable implementation of any required corrective measures Assessment of acquired notions Used to measure any discrepancies between the results obtained and the initial objectives Satisfaction assessment Enables trainees to express their own points of view upon completion of the training session

35. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training34 Assessment Assessment phases Assessment of acquired notions  Assessment of course entry requirements  In-progress assessment of acquired notions  Final assessment

36. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training35 Assessment Assessment phases Satisfaction assessment  Immediately after the session  Later

37. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training36 Assessment Assessment tools Knowledge assessmentAssessment of "human skills" and know-how

38. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training37 Assessment Assessment tools Knowledge assessment  Questionnaires used to test acquired knowledge  Multiple-choice: questions with several possible answers are used  Closed questions  Open questions  Fill in the blanks

39. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training38 Assessment Assessment tools  Hands-on practice  Case studies  Use of observation forms by other participants  Discussions in small groups  Analysis with whole group Assessment of "human skills" and know-how

40. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training39 Preparation steps  Needs analysis  Defining training objectives  Determining course entry requirements  Designing teaching "path"  Break down into objectives and sub-objectives  Designing sequences for each sub-objective  Ordering sequences  Identifying keywords  Designing teaching aids  Designing assessment tools

41. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training40 Main tools Whiteboard Paperboard Written supports Overheads Specific tools depending upon technology being taught Tape recorder VCR Computer Teaching games

42. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training41 Overheads Six points to keep in mind Clear illustrations 3 colors maximum Use a single font family 5 mm in height 8 lines or 30 words 3 ideas maximum A title

43. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training42 Communication diagram message perception expression decodingdecoding codingcoding channel transmission reformulationreformulation listenerspeaker feedback reformulationreformulation

44. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training43 Active listening Be available Beware of spontaneous reactions Get the full message Take into account the speaker's emotions Note all significant signs verbal and nonverbal Indicate to speaker what has been understood

45. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training44 Active listening Two active listening tools Reformulation  Echo  Reflection  Clarification Questions  Open/Closed  Alternatives  Direct/Indirect  Projective

46. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training45 Behavior of participant

47. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training46 3 1 1+2+3 1+31+2 2+3 Teaching styles 1: Trainer centric 2: Group centric 3: Topic centric 2 trainer group topic

48. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training47 Training objective Qualified operator be able to operate independently under his/her own responsibility  Recognition by official authority  Authorization of knowledge of know-how of experience

49. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training48 Responsibilities in radiation protection training and radiological safty Staff Authorization Training Experience Qualified operator  Employers  Staff  National regulatory authorities

50. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training49 Responsibilities in radiation protection training and radiological safty Staff Authorization Training Experience Qualified operator Employers  Provide training adapted to the level of risk inherent in staff occupations  Maintain skills (refresher courses)

51. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training50 Responsibilities in radiation protection training and radiological safty Staff Authorization Training Experience Qualified operator Staff  Has positive attitude with respect to radiation safety and protection  Gets involved in the training program

52. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training51 Responsibilities in radiation protection training and radiological safty Staff Authorization Training Experience Qualified operator National regulatory authorities  Regulatory framework  Specific job-related requirements for jobs with radiological risk  Criteria for qualification and authorization  Accreditation process  Internal training requirements (Safety authority, customs, police, etc.)  Training of emergency staff

53. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training52 Categories of staff to train Professionals Users OtherPersons in charge of regulations  Safety authority staff  Emergency staff  Employers  Staff in charge of records or plant licensing  Exposed staff  Qualified operators  Health professionals  Qualified experts  Radiation Protection officers

54. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training53 IAEA reference documents  Basic Safety Standards 115  Safety Guide RS-G-1.4 : "Building competence in radiation protection and the safe use of radiation sources"  Safety Report 20 : "Training in radiation protection and the safe use of radiation sources"  "Guidance for the development,implementation, monitoring and evaluation of training activities, NS-SCS, December 1998"  "Guidance for the elaboration of training material for the PGEC in radiation protection and the safe use of radiation sources and practice specific specialised courses, NS-RPMSS, 2001"

55. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training54 Training scope Acquire knowledge Acquire know-how Acquire operational skillsRefresher courses know how to handle situations at work periodic refresher courses to maintain knowledge and skills skills

56. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training55 National training strategy: Methodology Design of National training program Design and implementation of National training program Assessment of strategy implemented Analysis of training requirements Feedback Updating of data

57. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training56 National training strategy: Needs analysis  Identify skills requirements current needs future needs (anticipate)  Set priorities

58. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training57 Designing a National training program (NTP)  Based on needs assessment  Specify for each training program teaching objectives target audience resources required requirement to approve training program or center  Take into account available national resources and skills possibility of drawing upon additional international skills or resources

59. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training58 Assessment of national training program Were objectives reached? Define performance indicators for  performance of NTP (National Training Program)  Impact in the field of NTP Coverage in terms of needs requirements

60. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training59 Difficulties in radiation protection training  Heterogeneous audiences  Differences in level of motivation  Emotional perception of ionizing rays Age Level of education Age Job Person +/- working in field: " is persuaded he/she already knows " Irrational fears Habitual risks not taken seriously enough

61. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training60 Comparison of different teaching methods MethodAdvantagesDisadvantages Classroom training (including the theorie, hands-on work and demonstrations) Training in work situation Distance learning  Easy to organize  Fecilitates exchanges  Let‘s you adjust your teaching stile to audience  Acquire operational skills  Adapter course duration to individual needs and technology involved  Avoid moving students  Teacher one student is really available  Enables acquisition of knowledge  Takes a great deal of time  Requires specific infrastructures  Operational role plays are difficult to implement  Acquiring knowledge is difficult  Contents defined on a case-by-care basis  Critical role of „Course master“  Specific teaching tools  No hands-on role plays possible  Only knowledge may be assessed

62. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training61 Designing a new training program: Prior to training Design of training program  Teaching objectives and sub-objectives  Syllabus  Teaching methods, program and schedule Find trainers with the technical and teaching skills you need Selecting and informing participants Designing course materials  Distributing course information to target population  List of participants  Lists of trainers  List of visits  Teacher trainer's guide  Documents for participants

63. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training62 An appropriate organization right from the design phase Training manager assisted by specialists in the various topics dealt with in the training program The training office TrainersFacilities, equipment, teaching materials and aids  Internal  External: requirement for reinforced coordination

64. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training63 Trainer selection criteria Theoretical and technical level Practical experience Ability to teach Mastery of language The best specialist is not necessarily the best teacher!

65. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training64 Tasks to perform during training session  Produce teaching materials  Documents required for assessment of acquired notions  Certificate or diploma  Provide interface between trainers and participants  Cover requirements in logistics  Manage the unexpected

66. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training65 It is better not to train than to train if you are NOT going to assess! Purpose of assessment of acquired notions Check that teaching objectives have been reached... by each participant

67. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training66 The different types of assessment techniques Assessment methods  Numerical calculations  Problems requiring synthetic approach  Multiple choice Purpose of assessment Knowledge assessment Skills assessment Operational skills assessment On schoolwork site:  Ability to perform specific predefined manipulations  Ability to react to abnormal simulated situations  Ability to perform job related tasks  Ability to respond in cases of incidence or accidents

68. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training67 Selecting an assessment method Classical training Theorie Practice Yes Training method Knowledge assessment Skills assessment Operational skills assessment Training in work situations Distance learning No Yes (If schoolwork site equipment is available) No DifficultYes Very difficultNo

69. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training68 Evaluating trainers and the training program List of corrective actions and other improvement effort for future training programs  Reaching of teaching objectives Success rate revealed by assessment  Participant's point of view Assessments upon training completion and later  Point of view of employer and/or regulatory body Selection of performance indicators, evolution in indicators  Expert's technical point of view Independent audits

70. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training69 Record-Keeping Keep records and ensure long-term traceability of information indispensable for regulatory bodies  Who has been trained  How was he trained  What were the results  Dates of refresher courses  Dates of acquisition of qualification  etc.

71. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training70 Setting up a training center Advantages  For an improved teaching process Uniform approach to training programs  Optimize means Pool course materials  For a better follow-up with respect to regulatory stipulations Reference point for personnel qualification Record-keeping center for skills acquired  In order to better communicate Reference point for information on effects of ionizing rays

72. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training71 Process of setting up a training center Training Center: Defining structural and operational criteria Accreditation of training centers by appropriate independent or regulatory bodies Evaluation National Training program: Training needs assessment and Identification of resources required to meet those needs Feedback

73. IAEA Module XI – Trainer training72