1. 19.5 Stalin and Dictatorship in the Soviet Union
World Studies CP
19.5
Stalin and Dictatorship in the Soviet Union

2. Setting the stage 1861 Serfdom is ended by Alexander II
1917 Communist take over
1918 Communist kill Czar Nicholas II and his family
Many communist thought that they had ended centuries of oppression under czarist rules
But did they……

3. Russia under Lenin 1922 communist leaders renamed Russia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
15 political republics joined in a federal union

4. War Communism Between 1918 and 1921 Lenin followed this policy
The policy nationalized Russian industries
Did little to improve economy
The policy had won the civil war, but now the USSR was near economic collapse and social disorder

5. Lenin responds with
New Economic Policy (NEP) The major industries – heavy industry, communications, transportation, and the credit system$$, would stay under government control
NEP did allow for some free enterprise
This allowed for a new class of small businessmen called the Nepmen

6. Think about this
In America how do we decide how many tractors to make?
In a Communist nation how do they decide?
How did NEP combine these practices

7. Collective Farms
During the revolution, farmlands of the wealthy had been sized and divided among the peasants.
Now the government tried to persuades peasant to form collective farms.
Land was pooled into large farms on which people worked as a group and shared modern farm machinery

8. Positive and Negatives
In what ways did collective farming make sense?
In what ways did collective farming NOT work?

9. Women’s Role
1917 USSR declares that women should receive equal pay for equal work
Women were granted time off from work to take care of newborn babies
Divorce was now easier
But.. Few women held position of authority within the Communist Party

10. Education
Soviet leaders wanted to increase literacy rates and teach socialist doctrine (hey! Why do these two things go together?)
Educators had limited success… no money
Higher education was emphasized, but elementary schools were ignored
1925 Soviet students average less then 3 years in school!!!

11. Reforms under Lenin Nationalized industries Collectivized farms
Gave women more rights
Emphasized education

12. 1924 Lenin dies Power struggle within the communist Party
Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin
Trotsky leader of the Red Army during revolution
Stalin was the leader of the Communist party

13. Trotsky believed.. Strict Marxist
Revolution should take place among workers all over the world
Stalin believed that socialism in one country and argued that after socialism succeeded in the USSR other countries would have their own revolution

14. By 1928 Stalin was in control Trotsky was kicked out of the USSR
Killed in Mexico on Stalin’s orders

15. 1928
Stalin ended the New Economy Policy and returned to a command economy
Command economy is when the government controlled all economic decisions
Government control of the economy to be permanent

16. 1928 First five year plan for economic growth
Ambitious agricultural, industrial and social goals for the next 5 years
Stalin intended the five year plan to turn the USSR into a modern industrialized society

17. Collective farming 90% of all farmland was now collective farms
Those who resisted were punished or killed
The Five year plan decreased agricultural production
Resulted in famine and crop failure

18. Millions I said millions died of starvation. About 10 million
WHY? How?

19. Despite the deaths The economy grew under the Five year Plan
The second Five year Plan went into effect in 1933
Wanted to produce more consumer goods as a reward for hard work
Production of consumer goods decreased
People were disappointed

20. Black market
Just because the goods are not available, doesn’t mean there isn’t a need for them
Side note: Russian mob

21. Keeping Control
Before communism the Czars used secret police and spies to maintain their rule
Two areas
Religion and Art

22. Soviet Officials Discouraged religious worship
Seized property of the Orthodox Church
Churches and Jewish houses of worship were destroyed
Priests, ministers, and rabbis imprisoned
Religious instruction outlawed in schools
Art was censored

23. Politburo
Political Bureau of the communist Party
Had the real power

24. Purge Large scale elimination Gulags
From Russian were sent to labor camps or gulags
Located in Siberia

25. Comintern Lenin founded to spread communism
Revolution throughout the world
Overthrow democracies by urging workers in other countries to rebel