1. Water and Sanitation Cold Weather Leader Training

2. Water Cold Weather Leader Training

3. Having plenty of water will prevent dehydration. Winter environment can be similar to a desert. Water not in usable form. Each camper needs to drink 2 – 3 quarts of water per day to prevent dehydration. Safe Drinking Water Cold Weather Leader Training

4. 1 pint water bottle w/ pouch Silo water bottles Kettle Water buckets Thermos Water Containers Cold Weather Leader Training

5. Snow – time consuming Ratio of air to water in snow can be as high as 16 parts air to 1 part water. Ice – more efficient than snow Liquid Water from lakes/streams – most efficient All water must come from a safe source or be treated if uncertain. Water Sources Cold Weather Leader Training

6. Preferred method: Boiling Chemical treatments not recommended due to slow reaction times It’s too cold! To be considered safe, it needs to be at a rolling boil for a minimum of 1 minute. Cool before using. Water Treatment Cold Weather Leader Training

7. Alcohol is not permitted at Scouting events. Alcohol – doesn’t freeze at 32 degrees Alcohol causes frostbite to throat if super cold Alcohol is a vasodilator – can give you a false sense of warmth Nicotine – Is a vasoconstrictor. Alcohol and Nicotine Cold Weather Leader Training

8. Caffeine – Is a diuretic. Can contribute to dehydration Use decaffeinated coffee or limit the amount of coffee consumed. Caffeine Cold Weather Leader Training

9. Sanitation Cold Weather Leader Training

10. Hand sanitation is important even in the winter. Particularly after dealing with waste. Hand sanitizer or alcohol wipes can be used if kept warm. Minimize hand exposure, particularly during cold, windy days. Prevent chapping/frost bite. Hand Washing Cold Weather Leader Training

11. Food Handling Cold Weather Leader Training Cooks wash hands Prevent food contamination with dirt, water, strong odors, people’s dirty hands. Use perishable foods very quickly. Don’t save leftovers – eat it or pack it out Be cautious of animals – raccoons, gray jays, etc.

12. OKPIK – Each individual cleans their personal bowls, cups, spoons (sumping). Due to below freezing temperatures minimal worries about personal dishes being a source of contamination. Oven bags used in pot to prevent pot from getting dirty. If concerned, use boiling water as a disinfectant. Dishwashing Cold Weather Leader Training

13. Extra fruit drink, cocoa, coffee or any colored liquid should be drunk. If poured on snow it will leave a stain. Pour it down a dead tree trunk or large boulder if it must be disposed. Disposing Waste Water Cold Weather Leader Training

14. Urine – Urinate away from trails, camp, and water sources. No snow cover – find a rock or bare ground to urinate on. In a snow environment – find a pee tree for all to use. Disposing Human Waste Cold Weather Leader Training

15. Use a Cathole o 200 feet away from trails, camp, and water sources. o No snow cover – standard cat hole. o In a snow environment – dig down though the snow to the ground, do your business, and cover with snow. o Pack out your toilet paper in your garbage bag Disposing Human Waste Cold Weather Leader Training

16. Packing it out Required in some pristine environments such as deserts, canyons, caves, alpine tundra, and glaciers. These are places waste might not decompose readily. Check with land managers as to how to deal with packed out human waste. Disposing Human Waste Cold Weather Leader Training