2.  Terminology Ekklesia = to call out  Matthew 16.18; 18.17  Question of Founding of the Church John Zizioulas: Christ institutes and the Spirit constitutes Connection between Church and Israel  12 disciples/12 tribes  Exists for the sake of the nations Church founded in stages

3.  Diversity of Models in New Testament No single norm; fluid situation Originally based on model of synagogue (with elders) Later to single leader (e.g. Pastor in Timothy); bishop (e.g. Ignatius, Clement of Rome)  Images and Metaphors of the Church Many but three in particular:  The People of God: I Pet 2.9; Rev. 5.9  The Body of Christ: Eph 1.22-23; Icor. 12.27; Col. 1.18  The Temple of the Spirit: Eph. 2.19-22; I Pet 2.5

4.  Christianity had been under the umbrella of Judaism Legal status, religio licita giving early Church some legitimacy  66 AD Jewish revolt  70 AD siege of Jerusalem; Jerusalem sacked; second temple destroyed  Diaspora  Shift from Jerusalem to Rome as center  The Church on its own Universal character of church, Jews to Gentiles From Jewish framework to?

5.  Canon  Creed  Episcopate  Apostolic foundation connected these

6.  Earliest creeds from first century  Mark the boundaries  Dealing with nature of Christ Council of Nicea: Is Christ divine or creature? Council of Chalcedon: The two natures of Christ as human and divine  Councils usually called during times of crisis, with notable exception of Vatican II

7. 1. Donatist Controversy (4 th and 5 th centuries) 1. Donatists 1.Post-Diocletian persecution 1.Diocletian persecution 303-5 2.313 Edict of Milan (313 also Pope’s judgment against Donatists) 2.Church should consist only of saints 3.Rites administered by those who had not held their ground in the face of persecution were invalid 2. Augustine 1.Breaking the church’s unity is the greater problem (cf. Cyprian) 2.Church is holy but its holiness is not dependent on individuals in the church, but God who is holy 3.Let the wheat and chaff stay together 4.Oneness does not depend on fractured church, but on oneness of the one who is Lord of the church 5.Will return to this with Luther

8.  See Donald Bloesch Earlier idea of the equation of the kingdom with the Church Liberal idea  More balanced view God’s rule cannot be contained by any earthly kingdom God’s reign extends beyond the Church Church participates in the kingdom but the church cannot contain the Kingdom Church is not making the kingdom

9.  Filioque  Jurisdictional papal claims

10.  To be discussed later