1. "The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated." Mahatma Gandhi

4. The Draize Test In 1944, John H. Draize, a scientist with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, developed an eye irritancy test in rabbits using an irritation scoring system subsequently called the Draize test. In this test, conscious rabbits are immobilized while chemicals are put directly into their eyes. They are often left in this unbearable situation for as long as a week. Technicians usually inspect the resulting injuries to the eyes after the exposure and subjectively determine an irritancy value for the substance. After the test the rabbits are usually killed and internal effects on the rabbits are examined.

6. LD50 Test The traditional LD50 (lethal dose 50%) test forces animals to ingest chemicals to determine the approximate dose that results in the death of half the test animals. The animals are often force fed by a tube inserted down the esophagus into the stomach. This often causes severe discomfort, and in many cases, extreme and unrelenting pain. This crude method, using up to 100 animals per test, was introduced in 1927 by British pharmacologist J. W. Trevan. Since then, millions of animals have died excruciating deaths. The Interagency Research Animal Committee admits, “The LD50 tests have become controversial among toxicologists, animal welfare organizations, legislators and the public primarily due to the ethics of using a large number of animals and evaluating only mortality.” The LD50% (oral toxicity) test was banned in the UK in 1999 but elsewhere in the world the test is commonplace

8. christian views STEWARDSHIP: the Bible says that Adam and Eve were put in the garden of Eden in order to look after it. DOMINION is the view we have authority over animals –The bible says Adam and Eve were told to “rule over the fish in the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature in the earth”. –Adam naming the animals is an example of authority over them –Animals generally not believed to have a soul The Church of England “ recognises the need for animals to be used in certain drug research to improve medical understanding… ” The Roman Catholic Church has expressed concern about spending a lot of money on expensive dog food, whilst ignoring starving people in the world [eg £18.7 million was spent in UK on pets last Christmas alone; $619,000,000 spent on dog food in one year in Australia]

9. Bible quotations (+ St Francis) “God blessed them and said to them, ‘Be fruitful and increase in number, fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground’” (Genesis 1:28) “God created man in his own image” (Genesis 1:27) “the Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being” (Genesis 2:7) In the Gospel of Luke, Jesus said even death of a sparrow does not go unnoticed. “Or do you not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and you are not your own?” (1 Corinthians 6:19) The Bible looks to a perfect world in which humans and animals co-exist… “even a baby will not be harmed if it plays with a poisonous snake” (Isaiah 11:6-8) “The earth is the Lord's, and everything in it, the world, and all who live in it” (Psalm 24:1) St Francis of Assisi is the patron saint of animals and the environment. He referred to animals and other aspects of the environment as his “brothers” and “sisters”.

10. Grade C/B Explain Christian views for and against the use of animals in medical research (2 PEE paragraphs, one for, one against, perhaps using ideas of DOMINION and STEWARDSHIP) Grade A/A* Use ideas such as dominion, stewardship, respect, creation, humanity, or equality to evaluate the claim that “we should never experiment on animals”. Animal Rights

11. Make a note of reasons and examples against animal testing

12. Make a note of reasons and examples in favour of animal testing

13. Grade C/B Explain Christian views for and against the use of animals in medical research (2 PEE paragraphs, one for, one against, perhaps using ideas of DOMINION and STEWARDSHIP) Grade A/A* Use ideas such as dominion, stewardship, respect, creation, humanity, or equality to evaluate the claim that “we should never experiment on animals”. Animal Rights