1. Slide 1Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Evaluation of Geophysical Techniques to Investigate River Embankments E. Niederleithinger (BAM), A. Weller (TUC), R. Lewis (PGSL) & U. Stötzner

2. Slide 2Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Elbe Flood 2002 Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

3. Slide 3Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Problems Recent floods (2002, 2005) caused embankment failures Many embankments more than 100 years old No maps or drawings, structure of levees and the soil below unknown Flood protection state affair: different measures in different states Geophysics not part of standards and regulations (until now) Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

4. Slide 4Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto What is geophysics? Measurement of physical fields from the surface to detect subsurface features and parameters Non-destructive Fast Cost-effective Avoid data gaps Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions Indirect properties Sometimes difficult to interpret Need some time and budget

5. Slide 5Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto The project Partners: Standard methods  DC-Geoelectrics / resistivity  Induction EM  Refraction seismics  GPR Innovative methods  IP/SIP  RMT  MASW  GPR arrays Test sites  Old homogeneous levee (clay)  Old inhomogeneous levee (clay/sand)  New levee (according to standards) Calibration  Boreholes, CPT, lab….. Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

6. Slide 6Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Test Sites Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions Friedersdorf Löbnitz Torgau

7. Slide 7Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Test Site Löbnitz Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

8. Slide 8Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Standard methods: resistivity (1) distance [m] elevation [m] top soil clay, siltl gravel sand Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions resistivity [Ohm*m] profile 2 road crest terrain surf.

9. Slide 9Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Standard methods: resistivity (2) Profile 1 elevation [m] top soil clay, silt gravel sand Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions resistivity [Ohm*m] landwater Profile 1 distance [m]

10. Slide 10Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Innovative methods: RMT position [m] depth [m] Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

11. Slide 11Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Innovative methods: MASW position [m] elevation [m] shear wave velocity [m/s] Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

12. Slide 12Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto (Innovative) methods: GPR (array) position [m] elev. [m] pipe road layer erratic block? Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

13. Slide 13Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Comparison with reality Content Motivation Methods & Results Outlook Calibration (by boreholes, sampling, CPT) absolutely required!

14. Slide 14Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Test Site Löbnitz Rapid reconaissance methods Induction EM (BfG Lorenz, U Köln) Geoelektrics „pulled array“ (IGM/IRIS) GPR-Array (GBM) Content Motivation Methods & Results Outlook

15. Slide 15Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Geoelektrik „pulled array“ (IGM/IRIS) Radar-Array (GBM) Test Site Löbnitz 3D-GPR Content Motivation Methods & Results Outlook

16. Slide 16Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Recommendations Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

17. Slide 17Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Recommendations Integration of geophysics into investigation procedures Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

18. Slide 18Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

19. Slide 19Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

20. Slide 20Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Conclusions and Outlook Handbook  In German  www.deistrukt.bam.de www.deistrukt.bam.de  Out this month  Translations planned Regulations  New national standard and recommendations on river embankments out this year  Geophysics recommended/required  Deistrukt handbook as reference Outlook  automatisation, multichannel  Fast „non-contact“ methods  International network? Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

21. Slide 21Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

22. Slide 22Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Motivation Methods & Results Conclusions

23. Slide 23Niederleithinger BAM VIII.2 Flood Defence 2008 Toronto Thank you! www.deistrukt.bam.de www.bam.de