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Attention 1
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Definitions of Attention Concentration of mental resources Allocation of mental resources 2
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Multiple Aspect of Attention Divided attention Selective attention Theories of attention 3
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Divided Attention 4
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5 Reinitz & Colleagues (1974) Divided Attention Condition Subjects count the dots Full Attention Condition No instruction about dots
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6 Proportion of Responses that were “old” for Each of Two Study Conditions and Two Test Conditions (Reinitz & Colleagues, 1994). Study Condition Test Condition Full AttentionDivided Attention Old Face Conjunction Faces.81.48.42
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Divided Attention & Practice Hirst, et. al. 1980 Spelke, 1976 7
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Demo 8
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Upset Hotel Judge Employment Map Indulge Pencil Problem Key Terrible 9
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Can we always divide our attention with practice? 10
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Cell Phones & Driving – What Does the Research on Divided Attention Show? Is it safe to drive while talking on a cell phone? Some states have passed legislation prohibiting hand-held but not hands-free cell phones. Does this make any sense What about talking to someone in the car while driving versus talking on a cell phone? What are the chances of an accident? Does practice make a difference? Why not? Compare driving under the influence to cell phone driving 11
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Selective Attention 12
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Selective Attention (Dichotic Listening Task) Shadowing Irrelevant Channel Cocktail Party Effect - Morray (1959) Wood and Cowan (1995) Treisman (1960) 13
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14 Dichotic Listening Task T, 5, H LEFT T 5 H RIGHT S 3 G
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Cocktail Effect 15
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Treisman’s Shadowing Study 16
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Stroop Effect 17
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Experiment 1 18
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Read the Word. 19 Green Blue Red Purple Green Blue Orange Red Blue Green Red Blue Orange Green Blue Red Purple Orange Green Black Stop!
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Read the Word. Ignore the color 20 Green Blue Red Purple Green Blue Orange Red Blue Green Red Blue Orange Green Blue Red Purple Orange Green Black Stop!
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Experiment 2 21
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Name the Color of the Ink 22 xxxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx xxxxxx xxxxx Stop!
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Name the Color (e.g. Red say “blue”) 23 Green Blue Red Purple Green Blue Orange Red Blue Green Red Blue Orange Green Blue Red Purple Orange Green Black Stop!
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Stroop’s 3 Experiments Exp 1 - Selectively attend to the verbal aspect of the stimulus; ignore ink color Exp 2 – Selectively attend to the ink color of the stimulus; ignore verbal aspect Exp 3 – Why does ignoring the verbal aspect of the stimulus interfere strongly with color naming; but not the reverse? 24
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Change Blindness Video 25
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Theories of Attention 26
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Filter Models of Attention 27
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Capacity Model of Attention 28
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29 Diagnostic Criteria for Automatic Processes
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Cerebral Cortex & Attention 30
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