1. I’m Supercapacitors and Energy Storage Stuffed !! Written by Jim Lehman

2. Is This Possible?

3. Energy Problems and Solutions Today we are facing a crisis related to Energy How do we use Energy?

4. Energy Problems and Solutions

6. Fuel Cell Cars Flexible fuels Make water as only by- product Accelerate slowly Need larger fuel cell than ideal if you want acceleration Fuel cells are very expensive!!!!

7. Battery Electric Cars Store electric energy in battery pack Have no emissions from car itself Often have limited range Fast Electric Car

8. Hybrid Cars Use combination of power sources

9. Wanted: a Sidekick

10. Regenerative Braking

11. Feel the Force! Find the generator in your kit box Work with two people at a time Be Gentle! Don’t abuse the generator One person should slowly turn the crank, and the other one should touch the wires together while the crank is being turned Does the crank always require the same amount of force to turn?

12. Feel the Force! Was the generator harder to turn with the wires touching or not touching? Where did the energy come from? Where was the electricity flowing? What happened to the electrical energy?

13. Energy Storage Options Battery Pack

14. Energy Storage Options Ultracapacitor Pack

15. What is capacitance? The storing of electric charge Discovered in 1745 by 2 Dutch scientists Device was called a Leyden Jar

16. Discovery of capacitance Ewald Georg von Kleist Experimented with effects of electricity on water in a bottle When he touched the bottle later... I wonder if that’s a good idea...

17. “I would not take a second shock for the kingdom of France”

18. Simple Capacitor Two parallel plates or sheets Separated by an insulator so they do not touch

19. Testing Capacitors What factors affect the energy storage of capacitors?

20. Activity: Testing Capacitors Conduct an investigation to find out what factors affect capacitance.

21. Activity: Testing Capacitors Materials: Top and bottom foil sheets in plastic Capacitance meter

22. Activity: Testing Capacitors Arrange sheets to overlap halfway Take a reading, and record on your data sheet If meter changes, choose a number that you think is showing up more than others

23. Activity: Testing Capacitors Slide sheets together, watching the meter as they overlap more and more. Take a final reading, and record on your sheet If meter changes, choose a number that you think is showing up more than others

24. Activity: Testing Capacitors Press down on the top sheet, first a little, than more Watch the effect of pressure on the capacitance Record the highest reading you got on your sheet

25. What Affected Capacitance? Surface area of plates Spacing of the plates Any other factors?

26. Introducing: Ultracapacitor

27. Ultracapacitors Hold much more charge than ordinary capacitors Able to gain and lose charge quickly

28. Ultracapacitors Hold much more charge than ordinary capacitors Able to gain and lose charge quickly

29. Ultracapacitors Use Nanotechnology to improve ability to store electrical energy

30. Nanotechnology to the Rescue! What two factors did we test earlier to see how they affected capacitance? –Surface Area –Spacing between the plates Nano-particles have much more surface area An ultracapacitor the size of an egg could have a surface area the size of 50 soccer fields! Source: http://www.colin.org/SmallStuff/Ultracapacitors.html

31. Nanotechnology to the Rescue! The spacing is extremely close! The particles would be 40,000 times closer than the sheets of plastic that we used to separate the foil sheets

32. How Can Ultracapacitors Help? Hybrid cars recover energy normally wasted during braking Car’s motion is used to generate electricity The electricity can be stored and released when the car starts moving again.

33. Comparing Ultracapacitors and Batteries Follow Directions on Activity Sheet Test performance of battery twice Test performance of ultracapacitor twice Record the data on your chart

34. And the Winner Is? Which device made the car run longer? How does this compare with other groups in your class?