1. Civil War As A Watershed of the Making of America 1.America In Transition-underway before the Civil War. 2.Urbanization 3.Transportation Revolution Canal to Railroad 4. Transformation of the Workplace

2. Civil War Causes Slavery Political Power of the North Economic Power of the North Uncompromising spirit of the South A Divided Union

3. Triumph of the Modern State Military Transportation Medicine Money/Banking 13 th 14 th and 15 th Amendments Industry

4. CW specifically fostered/encouraged change Industrial Expansion Growth of Bureaucracy/Government National Unity Becoming Modern Lifestyles, families, religion women, jobs Moving to Cities 1860 20% Urban 1880 38% 1920 50% Railroads---1860 20,000 miles 1865 35,000 1914 240,000

5. Remaking the Union On April 9 th 1865 General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse VA. On April 14 1865 Lincoln is assassinated at Ford Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth an Southern actor. The War left behind hundreds of thousands dead and billions of dollars of debt…..devastation The North under Lincoln and Johnson would not punish the South. Only one Confederate officer was punished.

6. The President v. Congress At the end of the war were 3 main problems 1. (Human) What to do with 4 million newly freed former slaves in the South? 2. (Political) What was to be done with/to the Southern States? 3. (Constitutional) Who had the right to determine how the Southern States would be re-admitted? Congress or the President?

7. Lincoln's Plan Lincoln’s Plan of Amnesty and Reconstruction. Mild and Forgiving December 1863 Amnesty 10% Plan Plan was not well receive by many Northerners (Radicals). Why not?

8. Radicals Plan For Reconstruction In July of 1864 the Radicals began to unfold their plan. 1. an acceptable majority would take an oath to support the Constitution and ½ never supported the Confederacy---ridiculous 2. They hated slavery and wanted to punish the South 3. Pushed for 13 th 14 th and 15 th Amendment

9. Radicals Plan Wade-Davis Bill 1864 Freedman’s Bureau