1. © 2004 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice Volume Concepts HP Restricted Module 5

2. Sept 2004HP Restricted 2 Objectives Describe basic RAID theory Describe the concepts of XP Parity Group and Free Space as they apply to drives with RAID theory Describe how Free Space is used in the XP array, including a discussion of emulation type and fixed volume creation Describe the various XP array volume types including normal, custom, and expanded, including the process to create each type Describe how XP volumes are made available for use by mapping a volume to a port Describe the difference between an LDEV, a volume, and a LUN Describe OPEN-V volume details and functionality, including benefits and implementation mechanisms

3. Sept 2004HP Restricted 3 A solution RAID Provides for highly available data despite a disk failure Provides for online reconstruction of lost data Costs space Industry-standard redundancy algorithms

4. Sept 2004HP Restricted 4 XP array Parity Group (1 of 2) (A RAID group) XP marketing array group RAID control XP array Parity Group Protected data From an array group of independent disks to an XP array Parity Group Unprotected data (A group of disks)

5. Sept 2004HP Restricted 5 XP array Parity Group (2 of 2) RAID protected available space Usable space Free Space How is Free Space created? XP array Parity Group Protected data (A RAID group)

6. Sept 2004HP Restricted 6 The four steps to using Free Space 1.Define an emulation type for the Parity Group 2.Assign volume information 3.Map the volumes to a CHIP port 4.Connect the server

7. Sept 2004HP Restricted 7 Emulation types and normal volumes Predefined (virtual) drive size Defined for at the Parity Group level Defining an emulation type creates a volume Normal volumes are fixed in size Open systems have OPEN-* emulation types

8. Sept 2004HP Restricted 8 Applying an emulation type Assign an emulation type to the Parity Group Parity Group Free space Emulation type defined OPEN-E Free space OPEN-E Define emulation type OPEN-E

9. Sept 2004HP Restricted 9 Creating volumes Exercise Creating volumes from Free Space Problem A Parity Group with 32GB Free Space An emulation type with a fixed size of 3.0GB Questions After setting the emulation type How many normal volumes are created? How much Free Space is left?

10. Sept 2004HP Restricted 10 Volume designation The unique CU:LDEV number identifying the logical storage device CU is control unit LDEV is a logical device within a control unit The CU and the LDEV number uniquely identify a virtual XP array disk or volume Example For volume 01:2a  CU=01, LDEV=2a

11. Sept 2004HP Restricted 11 XP array volumes In the XP array a volume refers to the CU:LDEV number The CU number is used by the XP internal data structures to manage virtual disks One CU number can contain 256 LDEVs The LDEV number is an arbitrary number from 0 – FF Together, the CU and the LDEV number uniquely identify a virtual XP Array disk called a volume Example CU=1 and LDEV=2a, the volume = 1:2a

12. Sept 2004HP Restricted 12 Assigning volume information After specifying an emulation type for a Parity Group, assign numbers to the OPEN-E volumes The volume number uniquely identifies the virtual disk Emulation type defined OPEN-E Free Space OPEN-E Volume assignments 00:00 01:00 01:01 Free Space 02:01 Assign volume numbers OPEN-E 02:00 OPEN-E

13. Sept 2004HP Restricted 13 Array configuration — addressing HardwareXP12000 Number Of CUs64 Number of volumes/subsystemMaximum 16384 (64CU x 256LDEV) Emulation typeOPEN-3/8/9/E/L/V, CVS, LUSE Number of LUNs/path1024

14. Sept 2004HP Restricted 14 Solution: Banding (ZBR) Outer Band Inner Band 12 Sectors Per Track 6 Sectors Per Track

15. Sept 2004HP Restricted 15 Disk zones of a 72GB 15k rpm drive outer zone middle zone inner zone For sequential I/O loads a noticeable performance difference of about 20% between outer and inner tracks can be observed Comparing the performance of the ldevs across the drive surface it appears that there are three zones on the disk

16. Sept 2004HP Restricted 16 Data Placement on Drive Outer tracks have a higher transfer rate than inner tracks Preferably place sequential work areas on the outer tracks if performance needs to be optimized (e.g. Redo Logs) In standard configurations the outer ldevs have the lower ldev numbers in the array group The latency (affects random access) depends on the rotational speed and therefore is the same on the inner and outer tracks

17. Sept 2004HP Restricted 17 LUN mapping (mapping volumes) Volume mapping Mapping a volume to one or more CHIP ports Alternate paths How to uniquely identify the XP disk seen by server?

18. Sept 2004HP Restricted 18 Volume types Normal volumes have a fixed size Custom volumes have a smaller CVS LUSE volumes are groupings of identical volumes to produce an extended volume

19. Sept 2004HP Restricted 19 Creating different volume types Logical unit creation and sizes Fixed size LU (normal volume) Small size LU (CVS volume) Large size LU (LUSE volume) OPEN-3 (2.4GB) OPEN-3 (2.4GB) OPEN-3 (2.4GB) LU CVS(1.2GB) LUSE

20. Sept 2004HP Restricted 20 CVS Smaller sized volumes CVS are created from Free Space or from LDEVs that have been added to the free space Used for XP command devices

21. Sept 2004HP Restricted 21 LUSE Licensed functionality to create expanded volumes Volumes must be similar (same CU, size, RAID type, and emulation) OPEN-9 * 1 Volume 0:02 OPEN-9 * 1 Volume 0:04 OPEN-9 * 3 OPEN-9 * 1 OPEN-9 * 1 Volume 0:03 OPEN-9 * 1 Volume 0:01

22. Sept 2004HP Restricted 22 LUSE functional description LUSE combines two or more LDEVs to function as one large LDEV (01:00) (01:01) (01:03) (01:04) (01:05) LUSE (01:00)

23. Sept 2004HP Restricted 23 OPEN-V overview OPEN-V is a virtual emulation A process and an emulation Easily provides a custom volume size Extension/combination of CVS and LUSE functionality Volume sizes from 46.8MB to 2TB Volume size is specified in either MB or cylinders or the number of volumes to create

24. Sept 2004HP Restricted 24 OPEN-V creation LU creation with OPEN-V Flexible size LU Free Space Specify capacity LU

25. Sept 2004HP Restricted 25 Basic specifications ItemsSpecification Specified unitMB or cylinder Capacity (GB/)vol46.8MB to 2TB RAID levelRAID5 and RAID1 Drives supportedAll Inquiry production IDOPEN-V OPEN-V*n (volume over 62GB) OPEN-V-CM or OPEN-V*n-CM (command device) (n = maximum 36) Supported platform (at initial release) Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, Windows NT, Windows 2000

26. Sept 2004HP Restricted 26 Function support FunctionsContents CVSOpen-V includes CVS capability LUSESupport Cache LUNSupport CASupport (Pair volume must also be OPEN-V) BCSupport (Pair volume must both be OPEN-V) AutoLunSupport (Source/target volumes must both be OPEN-V) Data exchange otoSupport Data exchange mto, otmNot supported

27. Sept 2004HP Restricted 27 Ways to create OPEN-V volumes OPEN-V volumes can be created three ways Specify volume size and number of volumes Specify number of volumes Specify the size of the volumes

28. Sept 2004HP Restricted 28 Initial volume creation method 1 Specify the volume size and number of volumes Example Size = 40GB Number = 2 Parity Group (VDEV) Free Space OPEN-V (40GB) OPEN-V (40GB) Free Space

29. Sept 2004HP Restricted 29 Initial volume creation method 2 Specify the number of volumes Example Number = 4 Parity Group (VDEV) Free Space OPEN-V

30. Sept 2004HP Restricted 30 Initial volume creation method 3 Specify the size of the volumes Example Size = 10GB Parity Group (VDEV) Free Space OPEN-V Free Space

31. Sept 2004HP Restricted 31 OPEN-V volume addition Specify volume size and number of volumes Example Size = 3GB Number = 2 Parity Group (VDEV) OPEN-V(3GB) OPEN-V (40GB) OPEN-V (40GB) Free Space OPEN-V (40GB) OPEN-V (40GB) Free Space

32. Sept 2004HP Restricted 32 Internal mechanism (OPEN-V greater than 62GB) Internal CVS and LUSE procedures Create OPEN-V volume size = 100GB Parity Group (VDEV) Create OPEN-V CVS LUSE User view Free Space Free Space OPEN-V*2 (100GB) OPEN-V (50GB) OPEN-V (50GB) Free Space

33. Sept 2004HP Restricted 33 Learning check

34. Sept 2004HP Restricted 34 Lab activity

35. Sept 2004HP Restricted 35